Figure 4. Analysis of sleep in male flies with up-regulated npfr1 during adulthood.

Larvae and newly emerged adults were reared at 18°C, and newly emerged flies were entrained for three LD cycles at 18^oC and then transferred to 30°C to block Gal80, in order to activate Gal4-driven gene expression.

(A) Total sleep was increased in npfr1 over-expression flies (n=15 for both the controls and n=13 for npfr1-Gal4/UAS-npfr1;tub-Gal80(ts)). (B) Daily sleep profile showed increased sleep during nighttime in an npfr1 over-expressing line. (C) Sleep increase during nighttime was mainly derived from increased sleep episode duration. Error bars and significant difference are as described above.