TABLE 1.
Means (SD) and Comparison Statistics for Mother-Rated ODD and GAD Symptom Groups
| Variable | ODD/Ma | GAD/Mb | ODD/M+GAD/M | Comparison | F(3, 239) | Post Hoc | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother Reports | |||||||
| CSI-4 Symptom ratings | |||||||
| ADHD:C | 35.80 (9.39) | 36.53 (12.2) | 40.31 (9.12) | 27.82 (11.5) | 15.70† | O,G,O+G>C | .41 |
| ODD | 15.72 (3.78) | 7.81 (3.23) | 18.15 (4.09) | 6.28 (3.27) | 158.78† | O+G>O>G,C | .82 |
| Conduct Disorder | 3.00 (3.04) | 1.47 (2.82) | 4.79 (3.83) | 0.83 (1.91) | 22.50† | O+G>O,G,C; O>C | .47 |
| GAD | 6.91 (3.02) | 12.19 (2.76) | 13.41 (2.44) | 4.80 (2.74) | 90.09† | G,O+G>O>C | .73 |
| MDD | 5.97 (3.01) | 5.81 (3.34) | 8.30 (3.02) | 3.44 (2.13) | 32.97† | O+G>O,G>C | .54 |
| CBCL Social Problems | 4.72 (2.66) | 5.25 (2.41) | 5.92 (2.56) | 3.47 (2.50) | 9.43† | O,G,O+G>C | .33 |
| PR: Control | 7.62 (4.42) | 6.19 (4.15) | 7.68 (5.34) | 6.39 (4.06) | 1.69 | NA | .14 |
| PR: Consistency | 16.00 (3.35) | 16.94 (3.60) | 15.60 (3.82) | 16.62 (3.26) | 1.11 | NA | .12 |
| PR: Detachment | 6.58 (3.30) | 4.69 (2.96) | 7.44 (3.31) | 4.47 (3.16) | 10.55† | O,O+G>C | .34 |
| FES: Conflict | 3.55 (1.32) | 3.12 (1.36) | 4.00 (1.39) | 3.08 (1.24) | 4.72** | O+G>G,C | .24 |
| Locke-Wallace | 1.35 (0.45) | 1.27 (0.36) | 1.62 (0.31) | 1.21 (0.28) | 4.85** | O+G>C | .24 |
| Child Sensation-seeking | 13.39 (4.73) | 11.13 (4.29) | 12.77 (4.88) | 12.58 (4.50) | 1.14 | NA | .12 |
| Teacher Reports | |||||||
| CSI-4 Symptom ratings | |||||||
| ADHD:C | 31.31 (11.89) | 35.72 (12.2) | 27.15 (13.03) | 29.92 (11.9) | 1.88 | NA | .15 |
| ODD | 8.62 (6.33) | 8.75 (6.31) | 9.27 (6.81) | 5.78 (5.83) | 4.97** | O,G,O+G>C | .24 |
| Conduct Disorder | 2.51 (2.75) | 1.97 (2.71) | 2.94 (3.83) | 1.38 (2.58) | 3.82* | O,O+G>C | .21 |
| GAD | 6.17 (3.88) | 8.81 (5.18) | 6.27 (3.95) | 5.67 (3.70) | 3.14* | G>C | .19 |
| MDD | 3.64 (3.04) | 4.62 (3.44) | 4.62 (3.43) | 3.05 (2.79) | 2.99* | NA | .19 |
| TRF Social Problems | 5.22 (3.81) | 7.31 (4.88) | 5.32 (4.21) | 4.81 (3.78) | 1.98 | NA | .16 |
| TRF Academic Perf. | 2.57 (0.89) | 2.66 (0.84) | 2.71 (0.68) | 2.48 (0.74) | 0.73 | NA | .10 |
Note. O = mother-rated oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) group; G = mother-rated generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) group; O+G = mother-rated ODD+GAD group; C = Comparison group; F = F for main effect of symptom group; post hoc comparison = Scheffé test; effect size = eta; CSI-4 = Child Symptom Inventory-4; ADHD:C = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Combined Type; MDD = major depressive disorder; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; PR = Parents' Report; FES = Family Environment Scale; TRF = Teacher Report Form; perf. = performance; NA = not applicable.
a
n = 72.
b
n = 16.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001
†
p < .0001