Table 2.

Multilevel results identifying predictors of non-fatal overdose among male injection-drug users (n=1278).

		Model 1			Model 2			Model 3

Within participant Fixed Effects	Parameter	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Baseline Year 1-Intercept	β₀₀	0.07	0.06,0.08	<0.001	0.04	0.04,0.06	<0.01	0.02	0.01,0.04	<0.01
Finished High School	β₀₁							1.03	0.81,1.31	0.80
Gay or Bi	β₀₂							1.05	0.69,1.60	0.81
Born outside Canada	β₀₃							0.85	0.66,1.10	0.21
Age (≤20 years)	β₀₄							1.75	0.72,4.26	0.22
ACCESS Cohort	β₀₅							1.49	0.30,7.26	0.62
VIDUS Cohort	β₀₆							0.60	0.42,0.87	<0.01
Depressed	β₁₀				1.87	1.55,2.26	<0.01	1.53	1.25,1.87	<0.01
Homeless	B₂₀							1.26	1.01,1.58	0.04
Support (ref: none)
1–2	B₃₀							0.90	0.70,1.51	0.40
3 or more	B₄₀							1.27	0.88,1.85	0.20
Relationship	B₅₀							0.95	0.72,1.24	0.70
Welfare	B₆₀							1.44	1.06,1.95	0.02
Jail in the last 6 months	B₇₀							1.13	0.80,1.60	0.47
HIV	B₈₀							0.53	0.12,2.42	0.41
Alcohol Binge	B₉₀							1.69	1.33,2.17	<0.01
Heroin	B₁₀₀							0.98	0.79,1.22	0.83
Cocaine	β₁₁₀							2.54	1.93,3.33	<0.01
Speed	β₁₂₀							1.50	1.18,1.90	<0.01
Crystal Meth	β₁₃₀							1.17	0.89,1.54	0.27
Morphine	β₁₄₀							1.04	0.81,1.35	0.74
Help Injecting	β₁₅₀							1.35	1.05,1.75	0.02
Methadone	β₁₆₀							0.62	0.48,0.80	<0.01
Year 1	β₁₇₀	1.06	0.83,1.35	0.66	1.10	0.86,1.42	0.45	1.33	1.02,1.74	0.04
Year 2	β₁₈₀	0.84	0.65,1.07	0.16	0.89	0.69,1.15	0.37	1.13	0.86,1.49	0.38
Year 3	β₁₉₀	0.79	0.61,1.02	0.07	0.86	0.66,1.13	0.28	1.12	0.84,1.50	0.44
Year 4	β₂₀₀	0.67	0.49,0.94	0.02	0.79	0.56,1.11	0.17	1.20	0.83,1.74	0.33