Table 1.
EBV gene product | Targets | Outcomes/comments | References |
---|---|---|---|
EBNA1 | USP7 | Reduces p53 stability | [62] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
Anti-senescence? | |||
Unknown | Anti-apoptotic | [61] | |
EBNA2 | Nur77 | Nuclear retention of Nu77 | [65,66] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
Bfl-1 | Increases expression of Bfl-1 | [69] | |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
EBNA3A | Bim | With EBNA3C, represses Bim expression | [76,77] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
CDKN2A (p16INK4a) | Represses p16INK4 expression | [101] | |
Anti-senescence | |||
EBNA3C | Bim | With EBNA3A, represses Bim expression | [76,77] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
CDKN2A (p16INK4a and p14ARF) | Represses p16INK4a and p14ARF expression | [98]; S. Maruo, personal communication; our unpublished data | |
Anti-senescence | |||
Anti-apoptotic? | |||
LMP-1 | Bcl-2, Bfl-1, A20 | Via NF-κB signalling, increases expression of Bcl-2, Bfl-1, A20 | [79–81] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
p16INK4a | Reduces expression of p16INK4a | [102,103] | |
Anti-senescence | |||
LMP-2A | Bcl-xL | Via Ras/PI3K/AKT can increase Bcl-xL expression | [83–85] |
Can cooperate with Myc in lymphomagenesis | |||
Anti-apoptotic | |||
Bim | Via ERK/MAPK may induce degradation of Bim | [73,75] | |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
miR-BART5 | Puma mRNA | Reduces Puma expression | [90] |
Anti-apoptotic | |||
EBERs | Unknown | Anti-apoptotic | [88] |
BHRF1a | Bax/Bak | Binds to and inhibits Bax/Bak | [91–93,95] |
Suppresses Myc-induced apoptosis | |||
Anti-apoptotic |
It is currently unclear whether BHRF1 is a bona fide latent gene product or whether it is only transiently expressed immediately after infection then again on entry to the lytic cycle [95].