Table 1.

EBV latency gene products^a that can suppress apoptosis and/or senescence.

EBV gene product	Targets	Outcomes/comments	References
EBNA1	USP7	Reduces p53 stability	[62]
		Anti-apoptotic
		Anti-senescence?
	Unknown	Anti-apoptotic	[61]
EBNA2	Nur77	Nuclear retention of Nu77	[65,66]
		Anti-apoptotic
	Bfl-1	Increases expression of Bfl-1	[69]
		Anti-apoptotic
EBNA3A	Bim	With EBNA3C, represses Bim expression	[76,77]
		Anti-apoptotic
	CDKN2A (p16INK4a)	Represses p16INK4 expression	[101]
		Anti-senescence
EBNA3C	Bim	With EBNA3A, represses Bim expression	[76,77]
		Anti-apoptotic
	CDKN2A (p16INK4a and p14ARF)	Represses p16INK4a and p14ARF expression	[98]; S. Maruo, personal communication; our unpublished data
		Anti-senescence
		Anti-apoptotic?
LMP-1	Bcl-2, Bfl-1, A20	Via NF-κB signalling, increases expression of Bcl-2, Bfl-1, A20	[79–81]
		Anti-apoptotic
	p16INK4a	Reduces expression of p16INK4a	[102,103]
		Anti-senescence
LMP-2A	Bcl-xL	Via Ras/PI3K/AKT can increase Bcl-xL expression	[83–85]
		Can cooperate with Myc in lymphomagenesis
		Anti-apoptotic
	Bim	Via ERK/MAPK may induce degradation of Bim	[73,75]
		Anti-apoptotic
miR-BART5	Puma mRNA	Reduces Puma expression	[90]
		Anti-apoptotic
EBERs	Unknown	Anti-apoptotic	[88]
BHRF1a	Bax/Bak	Binds to and inhibits Bax/Bak	[91–93,95]
		Suppresses Myc-induced apoptosis
		Anti-apoptotic

^aIt is currently unclear whether BHRF1 is a bona fide latent gene product or whether it is only transiently expressed immediately after infection then again on entry to the lytic cycle [95].