Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Variable | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 581 | 541 | |
| Age (y) | 60.0 (9.3) | 59.0 (9.4) | 0.07 |
| Race | |||
| African American | 136 (23.4) | 131 (24.2) | 0.75 |
| Caucasian | 445 (76.6) | 410 (75.8) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 56 (9.7) | 268 (49.9) | <0.0001 |
| Former | 191 (32.9) | 168 (31.3) | |
| Current | 333 (57.4) | 101 (18.8) | |
| Pack-years among smokers | 46.5 (29.3) | 24.5 (22.6) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking history level | |||
| Never | 56 (9.7) | 268 (50.0) | <0.0001 |
| 1–20 Pack-years | 90 (15.5) | 146 (27.2) | |
| >20 Pack-years | 433 (74.8) | 122 (22.8) | |
| Education | |||
| <12 y | 108 (18.6) | 46 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
| High school or GED | 239 (41.2) | 166 (30.7) | |
| Beyond high school | 233 (40.2) | 329 (60.8) | |
| History of COLD | |||
| No | 398 (68.5) | 464 (85.8) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 183 (31.5) | 77 (14.2) | |
| Family history of lung cancer | |||
| No | 431 (74.3) | 478 (88.4) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 149 (25.7) | 63 (11.6) | |
| Current BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (5.9) | 29.5 (7.3) | <0.0001 |
| Pill use | |||
| Baby aspirin | 89 | 120 | |
| Adult aspirin | 129 | 132 | |
| Acetaminophen | 126 | 104 | |
| NSAID | 124 | 149 | |
| Years of use (among pill users)* | |||
| Baby aspirin | 3.8 (3.5) | 3.5 (3.5) | 0.52 |
| Adult aspirin | 9.1 (9.7) | 8.7 (9.9) | 0.79 |
| Acetaminophen | 7.7 (9.4) | 7.5 (8.6) | 0.88 |
| NSAID | 5.9 (7.1) | 4.7 (6.0) | 0.15 |
*
Outliers (>3 SD from the mean) were excluded from this analysis.