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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 8.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2013 Jan 8;17(1):49–60. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.011

Figure 2. Modulation of Hepatic FMO3 levels in Mice Regulates Plasma TMAO Levels.

Figure 2

(A–C) FMO3 overexpression in the livers of male C57BL/6 mice infected with either Ad-control or Ad-FMO3 for 7 days (n=8 mice/group). (D–F) FMO3 knockdown in livers of female C57BL/6 mice treated with either vehicle (saline) or FMO3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) once weekly (50mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks (n=4 mice/group). (A, D) Hepatic FMO3 mRNA levels determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to 36B4 or cyclophilin levels. (B, E) Hepatic FMO3 protein levels determined by Western blotting analysis normalized to β-Actin levels. (C, E) Plasma TMAO levels determined from plasma isolated from adenovirus-treated or ASO- or vehicle-treated mice. TMAO levels were determined by LC/MS/MS.

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Significance was measured with Student’s t-test. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01 and *** indicates p < 0.001.