Table 5.
The reported studies of polymorphisms of the cytokines genes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
| Population | Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n) | Polymorphism (rs) | Risk genotype/allele | OR (P value)1 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovak population (Caucasians) | 246 (PDR versus dm without PDR) | TNF2-β NcoI | β2 allele | NA (<0.01) | [59] |
| Asian Indian population | 207 (PDR versus dm without DR) | TNF2 (GT)n microsatellite3 | Allele 8 (111 bp) | NA (<0.01) | [60] |
| Japanese population | 251 (PDR versus NDR versus dm without DR) | LTA4 −804C/A, 252A/G; TNF2 α (−302A/G) | Genotype distribution | No association | [61] |
| Indian population | 493 (PDR versus dm without DR) | IL5-10 1082G allele; TNF2 α −238A | GG genotype; AA genotype | 2.2 (0.0037); 5.8 (0.001) | [62] |
| Korean population | 590 (PDR versus dm without PDR) | MCP-16
−2518A/G |
AA genotype | 1.9 (0.009) | [63] |
1Odds ratio and P value in logistic regression analysis; 2tumor necrosis factor; 3(GT)n microsatellite dinucleotide repeat upstream to the promoter region of TNF gene; lymphotoxin α −804C/A polymorphism in exon 3 and 252A/G polymorphism in intron 1; 5interleukin; 6monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.