Map of Zambia showing its nine provinces: Northern (NP), Eastern (EP), Luapula (LP), Central (CP), Copperbelt (CBP), Lusaka (LSK), Southern (SP), Western (WP), and North-western (NWP) provinces. The Coxiella burnetii samples used in this study were obtained from Monze (SP), Chongwe (LSP), Petauke (EP), and Chama (EP) districts.