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The –NH2-modified substrate induces the activation of osteogenesis-related genes. (a) Integrin β1, (b) integrin α5 and (c) integrin αV in BMSCs. Cells were cultured on the –NH2- and –CH3-modified substrates, and lysates were prepared at the indicated times. Lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis using integrin antibodies. An aliquot of each lysate was subjected to a kinase detection assay using SDS-PAGE. GAPDH was used as a control.
