Table 1.

Baseline characteristics, intervention length and method of measuring body composition in each of the reviewed exercise interventions

Study	Anthropometrics				Energy imbalance (kcal d⁻¹)	Prescribed exercise (kcal d⁻¹)	Δt (weeks)	BC
Study	Age (year)	Weight (kg)	BMI (kg m⁻²)	%FM	Energy imbalance (kcal d⁻¹)	Prescribed exercise (kcal d⁻¹)	Δt (weeks)	BC
Bouchard et al. (13)							13	UWW
Males (n = 14)	21	82	26	25	−501	−580
Ross et al. (15,16)							14	MRI
Females (n = 17)	43	87	32	48	−641	−517
Males (n = 16)	45	101	32	33	−701	−700
Bingham et al. (17)							9	TBK
Females (n = 3)	27	57	22	28	−21	–
Males (n = 3)	32	60	20	15	−263	–
^* Woo lean mild (18)							3	UWW
Females (n = 5)	37	55	21	28	172	−171
^* Woo lean moderate (18)							3	UWW
Females (n = 5)	37	55	21	28	30	−429
^* Woo obese mild (19)							3	UWW
Females (n = 6)	30	90	34	44	−127	−221
^* Woo obese moderate (19)							3	UWW
Females (n = 6)	30	90	34	44	−511	−555
Westerterp et al. (4)							44	TC
Females (n = 11)	32	63	22	30	−83	–
Males (n = 12)	37	70	22	22	−140	–
Sopko et al. (20)							12	BD
Males (n = 4)	19–44	81	–	27	−288	−500
Gredigan low intensity (21)							12	UWW
Females (n = 6)	31	69	21	31	−281	−300
Gredigan high intensity (21)							12	UWW
Females (n = 8)	31	6,802	21	31	−267	−300
STRRIDE low amount moderate intensity (3)							32	SF
Females (n = 13)	57	76	29	39	−44	−151
Males (n = 11)	53	95	30	30	−98	−189
STRRIDE low amount vigorous intensity (3)							32	SF
Females (n = 16)	57	76	29	37	−80	−153
Males (n = 22)	53	95	30	30	−98	−189
STRRIDE vigorous intensity (3)							32	SF
Females (n = 17)	54	75	28	39	−150	−248
Males (n = 22)	51	96	30	31	−161	−346
Goran et al. (22)							8	Siri-4
Females (n = 6)	64	68	25	35	−159	−150
Males (n = 5)	69	74	24	26	−114	−150
INFLAME (2)							16	DXA
Females (n = 52)	51	82	31	43	−64	−215
Males (n = 14)	51	93	29	32	−39	−215
Després et al. (23)							56	UWW
Females (n = 13)	39	90	35	47	−102	−350
DREW low dose (14)							24	SF
Females (n = 131)	58	86	31	32	−44	−48
DREW moderate dose (14)							24	SF
Females (n = 85)	57	83	32	35	−37	−91
DREW high dose (14)							24	SF
Females (n = 93)	56	83	31	35	−14	−123
Donnelly et al. (25)							64	UWW
Females (n = 25)	24	77	29	36	−2	−286
Males (n = 16)	22	94	30	29	−104	−286

Intervention was separated into three phases each lasting a period of 19 d; sedentary, mild dose of exercise and moderate dose of exercise.

Magnitude of energy imbalance resulting from each intervention calculated from mean changed body energy stores: $1, 020 \frac{Δ FFM}{Δ t} + 9, 500 \frac{Δ F M}{Δ t}$ . If prescribed energy expenditures from exercise were not directly reported, we determined this amount by multiplying the reported exercise intensity by the duration of each session. We then averaged the amount over the length of the intervention to arrive at a prescribed energy expended through exercise. The total oxygen consumed during exercise was converted to energy cost by multiplying each litre of VO₂ by 5 kcal. Duration of the trial represented by Δt and BC-labelled column denotes body composition method (BD, body density; DXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SF, skin-fold; Siri-4, Siri-four compartment model; TBK, total body K; TC, three-compartment model based on body weight, body volume, body density; UWW, underwater weighing).