Table 1.
Selected features of extreme thermoacidophiles with sequenced genomes.
Compiled from NCBI May 2008 genome project links (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and references listed for this article.
| Sequenced Thermoacidophile | Growth Temp (°C) | Growth pH | Growth Optimum (°C, pH) | Isolated from | Genome Sequence reported | GC content (%) | Genome Size (Mb) | Estimated # of encoded proteins | IS elements1 | toxin-like COGs2 | “hypo-thetical proteins” |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crenarchaea-Thermoprotei | |||||||||||
| Thermoproteales | |||||||||||
| Caldivirga maquilingensis | 60–92 | 2.3–6.4 | 85, 3.7–4.2 | acidic hot spring, Philippines | 2007 | 43.1 | 2.1 | 1963 | 7 | 15 | 549 |
| Sulfolobales | |||||||||||
| Metallosphaera sedula | 50–80 | 1–4.5 | 75, 2–3 | solfataric thermal pond drainage, Italy | 2007 | 46.2 | 2.2 | 2256 | 11 | 18 | 673 |
| Sulfolobus acidocaldarius | 55–85 | 1–6 | 70–75, 2–3 | solfataric hot spring, Italy | 2005 | 36.7 | 2.2 | 2223 | 14 | 19 | 1002 |
| Sulfolobus solfataricus | 50–87 | 2–5.5 | 85, 3–4.5 | solfataric hot spring, Italy | 2001 | 35.8 | 3 | 2977 | 159 | 26 | 1340 |
| Sulfolobus tokodaii | 70–85 | 2–5.5 | 80, 2.5–3 | hot spring, Japan | 2001 | 32.8 | 2.7 | 2825 | 12 | 32 | 1874 |
| Euryarchaea- Thermoplasmata | |||||||||||
| Thermoplasmatales | |||||||||||
| Picrophilus torridus | 47–65 | 0–3.5 | 60, 0.7 | volcanic solfataric field, Japan | 2004 | 36 | 1.5 | 1535 | 4 | 4 | 291 |
| Thermoplasma acidophilum | 45–63 | 0.5–4 | 59, 1–2 | burning coal refuse pile, USA | 2001 | 46 | 1.6 | 1482 | 4 | 6 | 583 |
| Thermoplasma volcanium | 33–67 | 1–4 | 60, 2 | volcanic solfataric field, Italy | 2001 | 39.9 | 1.6 | 1499 | 56 | 6 | 261 |
1
annotation contains “transposase”, “integrase”, or “resolvase”
2
ORFs similar to COGs 1412, 1439, 1487, 1848, 3413, or 4113 containing nucleic acid binding and/or PIN (PilT N terminus) domains