Figure 4.

Pulichalconoid B attenuates H₂O₂-induced ROS production in astrocytes. Astrocytes were preloaded with DCF-DA for 30 min and washed. Preloaded astrocytes were then preincubated with pulichalconoid B or quercetin for 2 h. H₂O₂ was added to the culture and the fluorescence intensity representing ROS levels were measured. (a) The fluorescence levels (Fluorescence units, FU) of cells that had been treated with 175 μM H₂O₂. ROS levels were measured at the indicated time points. (b) The ROS levels of cells that had been preincubated with various concentrations of pulichalconoid B or quercetin before H₂O₂ addition were measured after 1 h. The results represent the means ± SEM of two experiments (n = 7). Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.