Figure 9.

Treatment with pulichalconoid B increases the levels of GDNF transcript in primary astrocytes. Astrocytes were exposed to the indicated concentrations of pulichalconoid B for 5 h. GDNF transcripts were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The results of three technical replicates were normalized to β-Actin and are expressed as relative quantities of GDNF transcripts. The results are means ± SD of one out of three experiments. The t-test was used to evaluate the effects of pulichalconoid B on the expression of GDNF. *P < 0.05.