Table 2.

Main chemical constituents and relative detection methods of GR.

Compound type	Compound name	Extract	Detection method	References
Phenols (Figure 6)	Gastrodin	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
		Ethanol	HPLC	[36]
	p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
		Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	p-Hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
		Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl ethyl ether	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	p-Hydroxy-benzyl-methyl ether	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
		Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
		70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	L-Phenyllactic acid	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	Hibicutaiwanin	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	4,4′-Methylenebis	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	2-Methoxyphenol	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	Parishin	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	Parishin B	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	Parishin C	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	β-Sitosterol	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	2,2′-Methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenl)	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	Dimethyll phthalate	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
Polysaccharides (Figure 7)	Adenosine	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	Arabinose	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	Mannose	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	Xylose	70% ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
	Sucrose	70% Ethanol	EI-MS/1HNMR/13CNMR	[37]
Microelement (Figure 8)	Aspartic acid	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Alanine	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Glutamic acid	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Proline	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Valine	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Lysine	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
	Leucine	Dry powder	Automatic Amino-acid Analyzer	[38]
Organic acids (Figure 9)	Vanillic aldehyde	Ethanol	HPLC	[36]
	Citronellol	Ethanol	HPLC	[36]
Other (Figure 10)	p-Methylphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
		70% ethanol	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[37]
	Methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]
	Diosgenin	Water	1H-NMR/13C-NMR	[35]