Table 1.
Socio-demographic variables | ALL Counties
|
Low IHD Mortality Tertile Counties
|
High IHD Mortality Tertile Counties
|
ALL Counties
|
Low Stroke Mortality Tertile Counties
|
High Stroke Mortality Tertile Counties
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N=19,954
|
N=7,273
|
N=4,891
|
N=19,804
|
N=6,285
|
N=5,886
|
|||||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
Mean age in years ± SD | 64.6 ± 9.4 | 64.7 ± 9.5 | 64.7 ± 9.3 | 64.9 ± 9.4 | 64.2 ± 9.4 | |||||||
Age group | ||||||||||||
45–54 | 2636 | 13.2 | 962 | 13.2 | 594 | 12.2 | 2621 | 13.2 | 758 | 12.1 | 853 | 14.5 |
55–64 | 7703 | 38.6 | 2802 | 38.6 | 1946 | 39.8 | 7641 | 38.6 | 2482 | 39.5 | 2272 | 38.6 |
65–74 | 6342 | 31.8 | 2259 | 31.1 | 1567 | 32.0 | 6294 | 31.8 | 1976 | 31.4 | 1868 | 31.8 |
75–84 | 2917 | 14.6 | 1107 | 15.2 | 697 | 14.3 | 2897 | 14.6 | 946 | 15.1 | 793 | 13.5 |
85+ | 348 | 1.7 | 139 | 1.9 | 86 | 1.80 | 343 | 1.7 | 122 | 1.9 | 97 | 1.65 |
p=.03 | p<.001 | |||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 10905 | 54.6 | 3967 | 54.5 | 2639 | 54.0 | 10814 | 54.6 | 3320 | 52.8 | 3317 | 56.4 |
Male | 9049 | 45.4 | 3306 | 45.5 | 2252 | 46.0 | 8990 | 45.4 | 2965 | 47.2 | 2569 | 43.7 |
p=.39 | p=.001 | |||||||||||
Race | ||||||||||||
Black | 7167 | 35.9 | 2530 | 34.8 | 1454 | 29.7 | 7110 | 35.9 | 2565 | 40.8 | 2011 | 34.2 |
White | 12787 | 64.1 | 4743 | 65.2 | 3437 | 70.3 | 12694 | 64.1 | 3720 | 59.2 | 3875 | 65.8 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
Education | ||||||||||||
<High School | 2520 | 12.6 | 829 | 11.4 | 700 | 14.3 | 2495 | 12.6 | 717 | 11.4 | 888 | 15.1 |
High School | 5209 | 26.1 | 1734 | 23.9 | 1332 | 27.3 | 5148 | 26.0 | 1528 | 24.3 | 1672 | 28.4 |
Some college | 5354 | 26.9 | 1936 | 26.6 | 1319 | 27.0 | 5325 | 26.9 | 1679 | 26.7 | 1603 | 27.3 |
≥College | 6860 | 34.4 | 2770 | 38.1 | 1535 | 31.4 | 6825 | 34.5 | 2358 | 37.5 | 1719 | 29.2 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
Annual income | ||||||||||||
<$25,000 | 5475 | 31.3 | 1892 | 29.6 | 1403 | 32.8 | 5430 | 31.3 | 1558 | 28.1 | 1798 | 35.0 |
$25,000–$50,000 | 6069 | 34.7 | 2131 | 33.3 | 1538 | 36.0 | 6023 | 34.7 | 1877 | 33.8 | 1814 | 35.3 |
>$50,000 | 5948 | 34.0 | 2374 | 37.1 | 1333 | 31.2 | 5916 | 34.1 | 2111 | 38.1 | 1527 | 29.7 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
BMI | ||||||||||||
≤24.9 kg/m2 | 4962 | 25.1 | 1945 | 27.0 | 1240 | 25.5 | 4926 | 25.1 | 1567 | 25.1 | 1432 | 24.5 |
25–29.9 kg/m2 | 7300 | 36.9 | 2658 | 36.8 | 1771 | 36.5 | 7248 | 36.9 | 2386 | 38.2 | 2109 | 36.1 |
≥30 kg/m2 | 7547 | 38.1 | 2619 | 36.3 | 1844 | 38.0 | 7487 | 38.1 | 2286 | 36.6 | 2302 | 39.4 |
p<.0001 | p=.02 | |||||||||||
Current alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
Yes | 9930 | 49.8 | 3775 | 51.9 | 2287 | 46.8 | 9862 | 49.8 | 3430 | 54.6 | 2497 | 57.6 |
No | 10024 | 50.2 | 3498 | 48.1 | 2604 | 53.2 | 9942 | 50.2 | 2855 | 45.4 | 3389 | 42.4 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
Tobacco use | ||||||||||||
Current | 2893 | 14.6 | 1015 | 14.0 | 724 | 14.9 | 2867 | 14.5 | 875 | 14.0 | 912 | 15.6 |
Never | 9110 | 45.8 | 3372 | 46.6 | 2218 | 45.5 | 9044 | 45.8 | 2873 | 45.9 | 2716 | 46.3 |
Past | 7878 | 39.6 | 2856 | 39.4 | 1932 | 39.6 | 7821 | 39.6 | 2515 | 40.2 | 2238 | 38.2 |
p=.44 | p=.02 | |||||||||||
Frequency of Exercise | ||||||||||||
None | 6682 | 34.0 | 2378 | 33.1 | 1732 | 36.1 | 6624 | 33.9 | 2099 | 34.0 | 1988 | 34.3 |
1–3 times/week | 7020 | 35.7 | 2592 | 36.1 | 1641 | 34.2 | 6968 | 35.8 | 2236 | 36.2 | 2052 | 35.4 |
4 or more times/week | 5938 | 30.2 | 2206 | 30.7 | 1425 | 29.7 | 5859 | 30.3 | 1849 | 30.0 | 1759 | 30.3 |
p=.01 | p=.88 | |||||||||||
Medication adherence | ||||||||||||
Yes | 12947 | 64.9 | 4698 | 64.6 | 3183 | 65.1 | 12838 | 64.8 | 3964 | 63.1 | 3949 | 67.1 |
No | 7007 | 35.1 | 2575 | 35.4 | 1708 | 34.9 | 6966 | 35.2 | 2321 | 36.9 | 1937 | 32.9 |
p=.81 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
Insurance | ||||||||||||
Yes | 18617 | 93.4 | 6785 | 93.4 | 4558 | 93.2 | 18481 | 93.4 | 5888 | 93.7 | 5457 | 92.8 |
No | 1320 | 6.6 | 479 | 6.6 | 331 | 6.8 | 1306 | 6.6 | 395 | 6.3 | 422 | 7.2 |
p=.88 | p=.1 | |||||||||||
HPSA | ||||||||||||
Yes | 2531 | 12.7 | 808 | 11.1 | 840 | 17.2 | 2412 | 12.2 | 519 | 8.3 | 858 | 14.6 |
No | 17423 | 87.3 | 6465 | 88.9 | 4051 | 82.8 | 17392 | 87.2 | 5766 | 91.7 | 5028 | 85.4 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 | |||||||||||
Rurality of countyb | ||||||||||||
Urban | 13023 | 65.3 | 4855 | 66.8 | 2896 | 59.2 | 12992 | 65.6 | 4835 | 76.9 | 3036 | 51.6 |
Rural | 4453 | 22.3 | 1615 | 22.2 | 1240 | 25.4 | 4358 | 22.0 | 954 | 15.2 | 1792 | 30.5 |
Mixed | 2478 | 12.4 | 803 | 11.0 | 755 | 15.4 | 2454 | 12.4 | 496 | 7.9 | 1058 | 17.9 |
p<.0001 | p<.0001 |
County level mortality tertiles derived from CDC Wonder data from 1999–2006; N = Number of participants in the country; Medication adherence assessed using the validated 4-item Morisky scale; Insurance defined as having or not having any type of insurance;
Rurality of county based on criteria set by U.S. census bureau: Rural = ≤25% urban, Urban = ≥75% urban, Mixed = 25–75% urban; Total number of counties different for IHD and stroke mortality tertiles due to missing values for small counties.
BMI = Body Mass Index
HPSA = Health Professional Shortage Area
Figures in bold are significant.