TABLE 3.
Comorbidity between Personality Disorder (PD) Diagnoses and Lifetime Substance Dependence Diagnoses and Associated Odds Ratio (95% CI)
| NESARC |
NESARC-REVISED |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personality Disorder | Wave | Lifetime Diagnosis | Diagnosed (SE) | Non-diag (SE) | Odds Ratio (CI) | Diagnosed (sE) | Non-diag (SE) | Odds Ratio (CL) |
| Any PD | 2 | Alcohol Dependence | 30.70(0.36) | 11.01(0.14) | 3.58 (3.44– 3.73) | 41.88(0.59) | 12.58(0.14) | 5.01 (4.76– 5.26) |
| Drug Dependence | 10.58(0.19) | 1.40(0.05) | 8.36 (7.71– 9.06) | 18.65(0.35) | 1.84(0.05) | 12.24(11.44–13.09) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 38.36(0.32) | 18.95(0.18) | 2.66 (2.56– 2.77) | 48.15(0.55) | 20.62(0.16) | 3.57 (3.39– 3.76) | ||
| Cluster A | ||||||||
| Paranoid | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 32.90(0.83) | 11.57(0.12) | 3.75 (3.47– 4.05) | 38.27(1.04) | 12.04(0.11) | 4.53 (4.11– 4.99) |
| Drug Dependence | 13.38(0.57) | 2.10(0.04) | 7.22 (6.42– 8.11) | 17.13(0.74) | 2.33(0.05) | 8.67 (7.59– 9.90) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 39.98(0.69) | 16.90(0.14) | 3.28 (3.06– 3.50) | 45.17(0.95) | 17.42(0.13) | 3.91 (3.58– 4.26) | ||
| Schizoid | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 28.76(0.81) | 12.00(0.12) | 2.96 (2.72– 3.22) | 37.82(1.01) | 12.40(0.12) | 4.30 (3.70– 4.99) |
| Drug Dependence | 11.81(0.61) | 2.30(0.04) | 5.68 (4.97– 6.49) | 20.01(0.66) | 2.51(0.04) | 9.72 (8.57–11.02) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 37.14(0.72) | 17.30(0.12) | 2.82 (2.64– 3.02) | 47.95(0.97) | 17.77(0.13) | 4.26 (3.73– 4.87) | ||
| Schizotypal | 2 | Alcohol Dependence | 34.58(0.95) | 14.50(0.14) | 3.12 (2.87– 3.39) | 42.38(1.08) | 15.12(0.15) | 4.13 (3.68– 4.63) |
| Drug Dependence | 16.63(0.68) | 2.84(0.05) | 6.84 (6.15– 7.60) | 25.08(0.91) | 3.25(0.06) | 9.98 (8.83–11.29) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 42.42(0.84) | 22.38(0.15) | 2.56 (2.38– 2.75) | 48.71(2.16) | 23.01(0.15) | 3.18 (2.62– 3.86) | ||
| Cluster B | ||||||||
| Antisocial | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 49.19(0.81) | 11.09(0.11) | 7.76 (7.26– 8.30) | 49.19(0.81) | 11.09(0.11) | 7.76 (7.26– 8.30) |
| Drug Dependence | 23.41(0.66) | 1.80(0.04) | 16.64(15.07–18.37) | 23.41(0.66) | 1.80(0.04) | 16.64(15.07–18.37) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 54.66(0.88) | 16.48(0.13) | 6.11 (5.64– 6.61) | 54.66(0.88) | 16.48(0.13) | 6.11 (5.64– 6.61) | ||
| 2 | Alcohol Dependence | 52.09(0.79) | 13.78(0.15) | 6.80 (6.33– 7.31) | 52.09(0.79) | 13.78(0.15) | 6.80 (6.33– 7.31) | |
| Drug Dependence | 26.65(0.59) | 2.44(0.05) | 14.54(13.41–15.76) | 26.65(0.59) | 2.44(0.05) | 14.54(13.41–15.76) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 59.27(0.94) | 21.67(0.16) | 5.26 (4.82– 5.74) | 59.27(0.94) | 21.67(0.16) | 5.26 (4.82– 5.74) | ||
| Borderline | 2 | Alcohol Dependence | 41.59(0.68) | 13.63(0.14) | 4.51 (4.26– 4.77) | 47.41(0.81) | 14.38(0.14) | 5.37 (5.02– 5.75) |
| Drug Dependence | 17.69(0.44) | 2.48(0.06) | 8.45 (7.78– 9.18) | 22.76(0.69) | 2.83(0.06) | 10.11 (9.16–11.15) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 48.63(0.57) | 21.56(0.14) | 3.45 (3.28– 3.62) | 53.87(0.80) | 22.29(0.15) | 4.07 (3.79– 4.37) | ||
| Histrionic | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 41.90(1.20) | 11.97(0.12) | 5.30 (4.77– 5.90) | 49.79(1.82) | 12.44(0.12) | 6.98 (5.79– 8.42) |
| Drug Dependence | 17.78(0.87) | 2.32(0.05) | 9.12 (7.95–10.46) | 29.72(1.56) | 2.54(0.05) | 16.23(12.98–20.28) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 44.19(0.88) | 17.42(0.13) | 3.75 (3.47– 4.06) | 47.69(1.70) | 17.85(0.12) | 4.20 (3.52– 5.00) | ||
| Narcissistic | 2 | Alcohol Dependence | 30.62(0.54) | 14.27(0.15) | 2.65 (2.52– 2.79) | 39.03(1.14) | 15.06(0.15) | 3.61 (3.15– 4.14) |
| Drug Dependence | 11.98(0.33) | 2.81(0.06) | 4.71 (4.36– 5.08) | 16.54(0.60) | 3.25(0.06) | 5.89 (5.06– 6.86) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 35.88(0.54) | 22.32(0.15) | 1.95 (1.86– 2.04) | 44.22(0.97) | 22.96(0.15) | 2.66 (2.37– 2.99) | ||
| Cluster C | ||||||||
| Avoidant | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 31.35(1.08) | 12.05(0.12) | 3.33 (2.99– 3.71) | 34.91(1.10) | 12.26(0.12) | 3.84 (3.39– 4.35) |
| Drug Dependence | 13.95(0.57) | 2.32(0.04) | 6.82 (6.12– 7.59) | 19.56(0.55) | 2.41(0.04) | 9.86 (8.64–11.25) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 37.50(0.93) | 17.43(0.13) | 2.84 (2.61– 3.10) | 43.32(0.98) | 17.62(0.13) | 3.57 (3.18– 4.02) | ||
| Dependent | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 32.19(2.10) | 12.43(0.12) | 3.34 (2.67– 4.19) | 28.04(1.39) | 12.49(0.12) | 2.73 (2.07– 3.60) |
| Drug Dependence | 22.76(1.14) | 2.51(0.05) | 11.48 (9.21–14.30) | 27.34(1.22) | 2.54(0.05) | 14.43(11.00–18.93) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 49.84(1.43) | 17.78(0.12) | 4.59 (3.91– 5.40) | 53.68(1.66) | 17.85(0.12) | 5.33 (4.15– 6.84) | ||
| Obsessive- compulsive | 1 | Alcohol Dependence | 25.13(0.51) | 11.43(0.11) | 2.60 (2.46– 2.75) | 31.85(0.75) | 12.16(0.11) | 3.38 (3.13– 3.64) |
| Drug Dependence | 8.30(0.38) | 2.11(0.05) | 4.21 (3.74– 4.73) | 11.31(0.50) | 2.44(0.04) | 5.10 (4.51– 5.77) | ||
| Nicotine Dependence | 32.13(0.56) | 16.70(0.14) | 2.36 (2.22– 2.51) | 35.68(0.63) | 17.61(0.12) | 2.60 (2.41– 2.79) | ||
Note. SE = Standard error; CI = 95% Confidence Interval