Table 1.
Average composition of fine PM aerosols
| All exposures | Exp 1 | Exp 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAPs mass concentration | 440 ± 80 | 390±110 | 510±110 |
| Black carbon concentration | 8 ± 1 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 2.0 |
| Particle number concentration | 16,000 ± 1,000 | 11,000 ± 1,000 | 22,000 ± 2,000 |
| Na | 10 ± 2 | 4 ± 1 | 17 ± 4 |
| Mg | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.4 |
| Al | 5 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 |
| Si | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 |
| S | 45 ± 13 | 48 ± 19 | 42 ± 13 |
| Cl | 6 ± 3 | 3 ± 2 | 11 ±15 |
| K | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.6 |
| Ca | 5 ± 1 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 6 ± 1 |
| Ti | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.08 |
| V | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Cr | 0.035 ± 0.005 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| Mn | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.04 |
| Fe | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 |
| Ni | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
| Cu | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.21 ± 0.03 |
| Zn | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ±Ê0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
| As | 0.014 ± 0.004 | 0.016 ± 0.006 | 0.013 ± 0.006 |
| Se | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| Br | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.04 |
| Sr | 0.042 ± 0.005 | 0.036 ± 0.06 | 0.050 ± 0.006 |
| Zr | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ±Ê001 | 0.05ʱ 0.01 |
| Cd | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.007 ± 0.004 | 0.012 ± 0.004 |
| Sn | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.04 |
| Ba | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ±Ê004 |
| Pb | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ±Ê002 |
All measurements are given in μg/m3 except for particle number that is given in particles/cm3.
Exp 1: experiment 1 for oxidative stress and blood measurements. Values represent the averages of 14 exposures carried out between April and Nov 2006.
Exp 2: experiment 2 for ECG measurements. Values represent the averages of 11 exposures carried out between February and May 2007.