Table 2.
Correlations Between Variables
| Neglect | Maternal Education | Maternal Occupation | Public Assistance | Exposure to Violence | Shame-Proneness | Guilt-Proneness | Depressive Symptoms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Neglect status | – | – | ||||||
| 2. Maternal education (years) | –.13 | – | ||||||
| 3. Maternal occupationa | –.08 | .36*** | – | |||||
| 4. Public assistance | .13 | –.24* | –.31** | – | ||||
| 5. Exposure to violence | .22* | –.24* | –.12 | .04 | – | |||
| 6. Shame-proneness (TOSCA-C) | .22* | –.06 | –.03 | –.08 | .06 | – | ||
| 7. Guilt-proneness (TOSCA-C) | .14 | .08 | .02 | –.08 | .10 | .33** | – | |
| 8. Depressive symptoms (CDI-S) | .20* | –.02 | –.05 | .07 | .07 | .32** | –.03 | – |
Note. CDI-S = Children's Depression Inventory–Short Form; TOSCA-C = Test of Self Conscious Affect for Children; VEX-R = Violence Exposure Scale for Children–Revised. Spearman correlations are reported for neglect (0 = no neglect history and 1 = has a history of neglect) and for public assistance (0 = not receiving and 1 = receiving). Pearson correlations are reported for all other correlations.
a
Maternal occupation was assessed using a 6-point scale (Watt, 1976) ranging from 1 (unemployed) to 6 (professional or major business owner).
#p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.