Table 1.
Biomarkers: physiopathological significance and clinical use in acute cardiac care.
| Biomarker | Significance | Clinical use in Acute cardiac conditions |
|---|---|---|
| cTn | Myocardial injury | ACS: diagnostic and prognostic heart failure, arrhythmia: prognostic |
| NP | Myocardial stress | Heart failure: diagnostic ACS, arrhythmia: prognostic |
| CRP | Inflammatory process | ACS: prognostic ACS, AHF: prognostic |
| CPK | Myocardial infarction | MI: diagnostic Marker of extent in MI |
| Myoglobin h-FABP | Myocardial injury | Early marker in MI, in combination with cTn |
| sST2 | Inflammatory process | Acute dyspnea: prognostic |
| CgA MR-pro ADM | Neuroendocrine activation | Acute dyspnea: prognostic |
| Procalcitonin | Inflammatory process | ACS: prognostic |
| Lp-PLA2 | Atherosclerotic process | ACS: prognostic |
| Choline | Platelet activation, plaque instability | ACS: prognostic Predictive of MI |
| GGT | Oxidative stress; inflammation | ACS: prognostic |
| sLOX-1 | Plaque instability, endothelial dysfunction | STEMI: early diagnosis |
| CD40 ligand | Inflammatory process | Higher mortality in NSTEMI |
| Homocysteine | Endothelial and oxidative stress | ACS: extensive and severe CAD |
| IL(s) TNF-α | Inflammatory process | Atrial fibrillation; recurrence ACS; prognostic |
| Copeptin, ANP | Myocardial stretch | ACS; prognostic |
| MMP | Plaque instability | ACS; diagnostic and prognostic |
| MPO | Inflammation; plaque instability | ACS, STEMI; prognostic |
Abbreviations: LP-PLA2, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; sLOX-1, Soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1; MI, myocardial infarction; AHF, acute heart failure; CAD, coronary artery disease; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.