Figure 1. TNF secretion is inhibited by 4HPR in FXR1-WT and KO macrophages following stimulation with the TLR4 ligand LPS.

FXR1-WT (▪) and FXR1-KO (□) macrophage cell lines (2.5×10⁵ cells) were untreated or treated with 4HPR (0.625 µM) for 21 h, followed by 3 h stimulation with LPS (50 ng/ml) or Medium alone. Supernatants were harvested and evaluated for TNF protein levels using sandwich ELISA. Results are presented as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. Differences were analyzed using an unpaired t-test and were considered to be significant at p≤0.05. * indicates p<0.05.