Table 4. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of oral cancer associated with ICAM-1 genotypic frequencies and betel nut chewing among 727 smokers.
| Variable | Controls (n = 220) (%) | Patients (n = 507) (%) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| rs3093030 | ||||
| aCC genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 98 (44.5%) | 54 (10.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bCT or TT genotype or betel nut chewing | 105 (47.7%) | 300 (59.2%) | 5.185 (3.477–7.733) | 7.514 (4.522–12.486) |
| cCT or TT genotype with betel nut chewing | 17 (7.8%) | 153 (30.1%) | 16.333 (8.953–29.796) | 35.465 (16.497–76.242) |
| rs5491 | ||||
| aAA genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 141 (64.1%) | 67 (13.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bAT or TT genotype or betel nut chewing | 76 (34.5%) | 403 (79.5%) | 11.159 (7.629–16.324) | 18.430 (11.093–30.620) |
| cAT or TT genotype with betel nut chewing | 3 (1.4%) | 37 (7.3%) | 29.955 (7.724–87.213) | 32.487 (8.325–126.775) |
| rs281432 | ||||
| aCC genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 99 (45.0%) | 42 (8.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bCG or GG genotype or betel nut chewing | 99 (45.0%) | 281 (55.4%) | 6.690 (4.363–10.259) | 11.346 (6.482–19.861) |
| cCG or GG genotype with betel nut chewing | 22 (10.0%) | 184 (36.3%) | 19.714 (11.141–34.886) | 36.233 (17.596–74.610) |
| rs5498 | ||||
| aAA genotype & non-betel nut chewing | 92 (41.8%) | 44 (8.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| bAG or GG genotype or betel nut chewing | 103 (46.8%) | 274 (54.0%) | 5.562 (3.637–8.505) | 7.493 (4.403–12.756) |
| cAG or GG genotype with betel nut chewing | 25 (11.4%) | 189 (37.3%) | 15.807 (9.115–27.412) | 27.493 (13.856–54.553) |
The odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression models.
The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multiple logistic regression models after controlling for age, gender and alcohol consumption.
a
Individual with wild genotype but without betel nut chewing.
b
Individual with either at least one mutated genotype or betel nut chewing.
c
Individual with both at least one mutated genotype and betel nut chewing.