Table 2. Odds ratios of Steiner school attendance, sociodemographic variables, current and childhood lifestyle factors on diseases; from multivariable logistic regression including all factors listed (fully adjusted model 3).
| Sociodemographics | Current lifestyle variables | Childhood lifestyle variables | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valid cases in model | Steiner School | Age (per year) | Sex: Male | Region: Hanover | Region: Nuremberg | Region: Stuttgart | Education: A-level | Family Status: Single | Social Support | Alcohol consumption: moderate 5.5and more | Smoker | Attention balanced diet: moderate and more | Fresh vegetables and fruits: 5–7 days per week | Attention physical activity: moderate and more | Physical activities: 5–7 days per week | No siblings | Education Parents: below A-Level | Education Parents: Others/unknown | Parents favour pedagogic method: no | Parents favour pedagogic method: unknown | Parents spiritual or religious beliefs no | Parents spiritual or religious beliefs: unknown | Focus on balanced diet in childhood: moderate and more | Focus on physical activity in childhood: moderate and more | |
| Atopic dermatitis | 2684 | 1.10 (0.73–1.65) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.56 (0.40–0.78) | 0.86 (0.56–1.32) | 0.83 (0.54–1.25) | 0.96 (0.64–1.44) | 1.00 (0.69–1.43) | 1.09 (0.79–1.50) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 1.51 (0.91–2.49) | 0.97 (0.69–1.37) | 1.02 (0.75–1.40) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 1.09 (0.73–1.64) | 0.81 (0.57–1.16) | 0.85 (0.35–2.09) | 1.10 (0.72–1.67) | 1.06 (0.47–2.36) | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | 1.20 (0.45–3.15) | 0.80 (0.54–1.19) | 1.17 (0.80–1.71) |
| Allergic rhinitis | 2684 | 0.77 (0.59–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 1.22 (0.99–1.50) | 1.09 (0.81–1.45) | 1.18 (0.89–1.57) | 1.28 (0.97–1.68) | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | 1.41 (1.03–1.93) | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 0.78 (0.42–1.47) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | 0.69 (0.39–1.21) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 0.75 (0.34–1.62) | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) |
| Bronchial asthma | 2684 | 1.03 (0.65–1.62) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 0.93 (0.57–1.51) | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 1.04 (0.69–1.55) | 0.84 (0.57–1.24) | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.94 (0.65–1.35) | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | 1.03 (0.71–1.51) | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) | 0.99 (0.62–1.59) | 1.11 (0.75–1.65) | 0.78 (0.27–2.29) | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 1.15 (0.49–2.70) | 1.16 (0.81–1.66) | 0.72 (0.17–3.07) | 1.14 (0.73–1.77) | 0.92 (0.61–1.39) |
| COPD | 2684 | 0.83 (0.46–1.52) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.68 (0.42–1.09) | 1.19 (0.67–2.14) | 0.46 (0.22–0.97) | 0.92 (0.49–1.70) | 0.87 (0.53–1.42) | 1.12 (0.70–1.77) | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 1.17 (0.72–1.91) | 1.78 (1.11–2.86) | 0.74 (0.42–1.32) | 0.56 (0.35–0.90) | 0.60 (0.37–0.97) | 1.23 (0.69–2.19) | 0.88 (0.48–1.60) | 1.18 (0.71–1.97) | 1.15 (0.44–2.99) | 1.05 (0.58–1.89) | 2.06 (0.87–4.84) | 1.08 (0.68–1.69) | 1.04 (0.23–4.68) | 1.02 (0.61–1.72) | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 2684 | 1.00 (0.62–1.60) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | 1.26 (0.85–1.85) | 0.85 (0.49–1.46) | 0.82 (0.46–1.45) | 1.03 (0.61–1.73) | 0.97 (0.64–1.48) | 1.20 (0.81–1.78) | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | 1.19 (0.79–1.79) | 0.67 (0.41–1.10) | 1.25 (0.72–2.15) | 0.97 (0.64–1.46) | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | 1.52 (0.97–2.37) | 1.05 (0.69–1.61) | 1.08 (0.44–2.67) | 0.91 (0.56–1.47) | 1.06 (0.45–2.50) | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.34 (0.04–2.55) | 0.80 (0.52–1.22) | 1.11 (0.73–1.69) |
| Cardiac insufficiency | 2684 | 1.27 (0.63–2.57) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.20 (0.67–2.15) | 0.51 (0.25–1.04) | 0.55 (0.26–1.18) | 0.30 (0.13–0.70) | 0.63 (0.33–1.19) | 1.41 (0.79–2.51) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 1.58 (0.81–3.09) | 0.34 (0.13–0.88) | 0.74 (0.35–1.56) | 0.74 (0.41–1.35) | 0.64 (0.35–1.15) | 0.55 (0.21–1.43) | 1.22 (0.60–2.45) | 0.67 (0.34–1.30) | 1.36 (0.44–4.18) | 1.07 (0.52–2.20) | 0.82 (0.22–3.14) | 1.20 (0.68–2.12) | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.98 (0.51–1.89) | 1.40 (0.74–2.67) |
| Angina pectoris | 2684 | 0.86 (0.43–1.73) | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) | 2.34 (1.33–4.10) | 0.77 (0.36–1.63) | 0.90 (0.41–1.97) | 0.57 (0.25–1.28) | 0.53 (0.29–0.99) | 0.93 (0.51–1.70) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 0.86 (0.48–1.52) | 1.40 (0.74–2.65) | 0.74 (0.35–1.54) | 1.37 (0.76–2.46) | 0.46 (0.26–0.82) | 1.84 (0.94–3.60) | 1.12 (0.57–2.21) | 1.20 (0.63–2.27) | 1.73 (0.59–5.10) | 1.40 (0.69–2.83) | 1.77 (0.61–5.16) | 0.91 (0.53–1.55) | 0.00 (0.00-Inf) | 1.21 (0.65–2.25) | 1.09 (0.60–1.98) |
| Arteriosclerosis | 2684 | 0.80 (0.31–2.06) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 1.93 (0.91–4.07) | 1.77 (0.46–6.92) | 5.45 (1.42–20.90) | 1.77 (0.43–7.27) | 1.14 (0.47–2.74) | 0.66 (0.28–1.57) | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 4.13 (1.51–11.28) | 1.82 (0.76–4.37) | 1.09 (0.39–3.06) | 0.86 (0.40–1.81) | 0.43 (0.20–0.92) | 1.56 (0.60–4.05) | 0.84 (0.30–2.33) | 1.00 (0.41–2.46) | 2.86 (0.71–11.53) | 1.89 (0.74–4.80) | 0.72 (0.13–3.98) | 0.66 (0.31–1.37) | 0.00 (0.00-Inf) | 0.90 (0.40–2.02) | 1.04 (0.48–2.29) |
| Hypertension | 2684 | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | 1.48 (1.16–1.89) | 1.13 (0.80–1.57) | 0.94 (0.66–1.35) | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 1.14 (0.89–1.48) | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 0.86 (0.68–1.11) | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) | 0.72 (0.52–1.01) | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | 1.04 (0.77–1.42) | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 1.20 (0.92–1.55) | 0.82 (0.45–1.50) | 1.00 (0.74–1.36) | 0.87 (0.49–1.56) | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 1.20 (0.52–2.74) | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 2684 | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | 1.28 (1.01–1.61) | 0.91 (0.66–1.26) | 1.07 (0.76–1.49) | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 0.89 (0.69–1.14) | 1.23 (0.97–1.57) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 1.00 (0.77–1.31) | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 0.63 (0.50–0.80) | 0.94 (0.70–1.28) | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.97 (0.55–1.68) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 1.06 (0.62–1.83) | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 0.77 (0.33–1.76) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 1.01 (0.79–1.31) |
| Osteoarthritis | 2684 | 0.69 (0.49–0.97) | 1.08 (1.07–1.10) | 0.68 (0.51–0.90) | 0.88 (0.58–1.33) | 1.57 (1.04–2.37) | 1.43 (0.97–2.12) | 0.92 (0.69–1.24) | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.98 (0.74–1.31) | 1.11 (0.81–1.53) | 0.78 (0.53–1.15) | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) | 0.91 (0.70–1.20) | 1.37 (0.98–1.91) | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | 1.09 (0.58–2.07) | 1.10 (0.78–1.54) | 1.07 (0.57–1.98) | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 1.17 (0.47–2.95) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 1.52 (1.12–2.07) |
| Rheumatism | 2684 | 0.58 (0.32–1.03) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 0.70 (0.44–1.13) | 1.01 (0.52–1.98) | 0.91 (0.44–1.89) | 1.62 (0.86–3.03) | 1.03 (0.62–1.70) | 1.71 (1.10–2.66) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 1.34 (0.81–2.24) | 0.53 (0.29–0.96) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) | 0.61 (0.39–0.98) | 1.69 (0.99–2.87) | 0.78 (0.41–1.48) | 0.90 (0.54–1.50) | 1.66 (0.70–3.91) | 0.72 (0.41–1.27) | 1.47 (0.63–3.46) | 0.97 (0.62–1.53) | 1.64 (0.46–5.81) | 1.30 (0.76–2.21) | 0.87 (0.53–1.41) |
| Cancer | 2684 | 1.01 (0.63–1.63) | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | 0.86 (0.58–1.28) | 1.56 (0.91–2.67) | 0.81 (0.43–1.52) | 1.04 (0.59–1.84) | 0.80 (0.53–1.22) | 1.15 (0.78–1.71) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 1.41 (0.93–2.14) | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 0.83 (0.48–1.43) | 0.77 (0.51–1.15) | 1.06 (0.72–1.55) | 0.79 (0.47–1.34) | 0.96 (0.58–1.60) | 0.93 (0.60–1.42) | 2.26 (1.07–4.76) | 1.18 (0.73–1.90) | 0.41 (0.13–1.26) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.98 (0.22–4.37) | 1.22 (0.78–1.91) | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) |
| Diabetes | 2684 | 0.61 (0.34–1.09) | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | 1.62 (1.01–2.60) | 0.88 (0.46–1.67) | 0.69 (0.33–1.41) | 1.09 (0.58–2.07) | 0.71 (0.43–1.17) | 1.25 (0.78–2.00) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 1.24 (0.77–2.01) | 1.46 (0.87–2.44) | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.68 (0.42–1.09) | 0.77 (0.49–1.22) | 0.98 (0.53–1.85) | 1.53 (0.90–2.60) | 0.91 (0.55–1.52) | 0.95 (0.35–2.56) | 0.89 (0.51–1.57) | 1.00 (0.38–2.58) | 1.33 (0.84–2.10) | 2.97 (0.91–9.73) | 1.12 (0.66–1.89) | 1.03 (0.62–1.69) |
| Depression | 2684 | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.43 (0.32–0.59) | 0.70 (0.46–1.06) | 0.92 (0.62–1.35) | 0.91 (0.62–1.33) | 1.20 (0.86–1.66) | 1.34 (1.00–1.79) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | 0.83 (0.62–1.12) | 1.92 (1.42–2.60) | 1.19 (0.80–1.78) | 0.72 (0.53–0.98) | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) | 1.19 (0.82–1.72) | 1.18 (0.81–1.70) | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) | 1.55 (0.82–2.96) | 0.97 (0.66–1.40) | 0.58 (0.26–1.29) | 0.73 (0.55–0.98) | 0.62 (0.21–1.81) | 0.74 (0.53–1.04) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 2684 | 0.46 (0.11–1.93) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.64 (0.22–1.84) | 0.54 (0.10–3.10) | 0.98 (0.23–4.15) | 2.30 (0.66–8.07) | 0.61 (0.21–1.80) | 1.26 (0.47–3.36) | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | 1.88 (0.57–6.13) | 1.64 (0.60–4.53) | 0.59 (0.18–2.00) | 0.75 (0.26–2.14) | 0.36 (0.11–1.17) | 0.38 (0.05–2.96) | 0.58 (0.13–2.61) | 0.92 (0.31–2.77) | 0.75 (0.08–7.17) | 0.89 (0.26–3.01) | 0.68 (0.07–6.88) | 1.56 (0.58–4.22) | 0.00 (0.00-Inf) | 1.48 (0.44–4.98) | 1.51 (0.47–4.84) |
Age and Social support (higher values mean higher social support) are continuous variables.
Comparison category for categorical variables: Sex: Female, Region: Berlin, Education: below A-levels, Family status: in relationship, alcohol consumption less than moderate, non-smoker, attention to balanced diet less than moderate, intake of fresh vegetables and fruits on less than 5 days a week, attention physical activity less than moderate, Education of parents: A-levels, attention to balanced diet in childhood less than moderate, attention to physical activity in childhood less than moderate, Parents in favour of pedagogic method: yes, spiritual or religious beliefs of parents: yes.