Table 3. Putative regulators for both osteoclast and macrophage cell–cell fusion.
| Molecule | Macrophage fusion | Materials used | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCP1 (CCL2) |
Reduction |
CCL2 KO CCL2 inhibitory peptide Anti-CCL2 Ab |
36 |
| LFA1 |
Inhibited (IFNγ induced macrophage fusion) |
Monoclonal Ab against LFA1 |
45 |
| ICAM1 |
Inhibited (IFNγ induced macrophage fusion) |
Monoclonal Ab against ICAM1 |
45 |
| MFR (SHPS1) |
Inhibit Prevent |
Monoclonal Ab against MFR Extracellular domain of MFR |
46 47 |
| CD47 |
Prevent |
GST-extracellular domain of CD47 Monoclonal Ab against CD47 |
48 |
| DAP12 |
Impaired |
DAP12 DAP12 KI (loss of function) DAP12 RNAi |
49 |
| TREM2 |
Severely impaired |
TREAM2 siRNA |
49 |
| Syk |
Reduced |
Syk KO |
49 |
| MMP9 |
Reduced Delayed shape change and abnormal morphology |
Function-blocking Ab MMP9-null |
50 |
| CD36 |
Severely impaired (CD36 is not involved in osteoclast fusion) |
CD36 KO |
51 |
| Rac1 | Attenuated | Inhibitor of Rac activation (NSC23766) Rac1 siRNA |
52 |