Table 1.
Family, Resident, Staff, and Setting Characteristics, by Setting
| Characteristic | NH | RC/AL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Mean or N | SD or % | Mean or N | SD or % | p | |
|
| |||||
| Setting | (N=6) | (N=18) | |||
|
| |||||
| For-profit (N, %) | 6 | (100%) | 18 | (100%) | -- |
|
| |||||
| Years in operation | 24.0 | (15.6) | 8.3 | (4.7) | .001 |
|
| |||||
| Number of beds | 106.0 | (30.8) | 81.7 | (26.8) | .018 |
|
| |||||
| Occupancy rate | 93.0 | (2.9) | 83.3 | (14.7) | .11 |
|
| |||||
| Percent of residents with dementia diagnosis | 59.2 | (25.6) | 48.4 | (31.8) | .46 |
|
| |||||
| Percent of residents with Medicaid or receiving state assistance | 73.3 | (10.8) | 38.4 | (30.4) | .012 |
|
| |||||
| Residents | (N=135) | (N=353) | |||
|
| |||||
| Age | 79.5 | (11.5) | 81.5 | (11.7) | .41 |
|
| |||||
| Female (N, %) | 98 | (75%) | 256 | (75%) | .91 |
|
| |||||
| Education more than high school (N, %) | 29 | (23%) | 117 | (35%) | .17 |
|
| |||||
| Length of stay (months) | 32.8 | (27.1) | 30.0 | (32.5) | .91 |
|
| |||||
| General health is good to excellent (N, %) | 49 | (37%) | 169 | (50%) | .001 |
|
| |||||
| Activities of daily living (ADL)1 | 16.7 | (8.7) | 4.8 | (6.9) | <.001 |
|
| |||||
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)2 | 3.0 | (2.3) | 5.4 | (3.3) | .003 |
|
| |||||
| Cognitive status3 | 4.1 | (3.4) | 2.6 | (3.0) | .033 |
|
| |||||
| Quality of life (family rating)4 | 2.4 | (0.5) | 2.7 | (0.5) | .007 |
|
| |||||
| Depression (staff rating)5 | 2.5 | (2.1) | 1.8 | (1.9) | .012 |
|
| |||||
| Medicaid pays for care (N, %) | 64 | (47%) | 98 | (28%) | .004 |
|
| |||||
| Family | (N=135) | (N=353) | |||
|
| |||||
| Age | 58.7 | (11.9) | 58.3 | (11.0) | .83 |
|
| |||||
| Female (N, %) | 103 | (76%) | 254 | (72%) | .13 |
|
| |||||
| Married (N, %) | 89 | (66%) | 265 | (75%) | .06 |
|
| |||||
| Minority race (N, %) | 57 | (43%) | 61 | (17%) | .015 |
|
| |||||
| Relationship to resident (N, %) | |||||
| Spouse | 14 | (10%) | 20 | (6%) | .020 |
| Sibling (including in-laws) | 16 | (12%) | 29 | (8%) | |
| Child | 74 | (55%) | 239 | (68%) | |
| Other relative/friend | 30 | (22%) | 65 | (18%) | |
|
| |||||
| Education, more than high school (N, %) | 89 | (66%) | 276 | (79%) | .06 |
|
| |||||
| Employed (N, %) | 76 | (56%) | 205 | (58%) | .76 |
|
| |||||
| General health is good to excellent (N, %) | 109 | (81%) | 317 | (90%) | .016 |
|
| |||||
| Staff | (N=106) | (N=291) | |||
|
| |||||
| Age | 42.6 | (12.1) | 38.5 | (13.1) | .040 |
|
| |||||
| Female (N, %) | 98 | (93%) | 279 | (96%) | .19 |
|
| |||||
| Minority race (N, %) | 73 | (69%) | 197 | (68%) | .89 |
|
| |||||
| Education, more than high school (N, %) | 68 | (64%) | 159 | (55%) | .08 |
|
| |||||
| Months working in this setting | 50.4 | (70) | 31.7 | (39.0) | .07 |
|
| |||||
| Hours worked in typical week | 39.4 | (6.6) | 37.1 | (6.1) | .08 |
|
| |||||
| Staff role (N, %) | |||||
| Nurse (RN/LPN) | 25 | (24%) | 2 | (1%) | <.001 |
| Direct care worker | 62 | (59%) | 250 | (86%) | |
| Other | 19 | (18%) | 39 | (13%) | |
1
ADL score ranges from 0 – 28, lower scores indicate better ADL performance.
2
IADL scores range from 0 – 16; higher scores indicate better IADL performance.
3
MDS-COGS, range 0–10, lower scores more desirable, ≥ 2 may be indicative of dementia.
4
Quality of Life- Alzheimer’s Disease, range 1–4, higher scores more desirable.
5
PHQ-9, range 0–27, lower scores more desirable.