Table 2. Characteristics of the 317 patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy at baseline endoscopy.
| Variables | All Patients | Patients with Worsening PHG |
Patients with Stable PHG |
p-value | Odds Ratio (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 317 | 82 | 235 | ||
| Age (yrs) | 50.3(6.5) | 50.3(6.4) | 50.3 (6.6) | 0.99 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) |
| Male (%) | 73% | 74% | 72% | 0.72 | 1.11 (0.63, 1.9) |
| Caucasian (%) | 74% | 87% | 70% | 0.005 | 2.74 (1.37, 5.48) |
| Patient treatment history | 0.56 | ||||
| Lead-in non-responder (%) | 65% | 70% | 63% | 1.31(0.68, 2.51) | |
| Lead-in breakthrough/ relapser (%) |
14% | 12% | 15% | 0.94 (0.38, 2.34) | |
| Express (%) | 21% | 18% | 22% | Ref | |
| Log HCV RNA | 6.41(0.5) | 6.39(0.47) | 6.42(0.51) | 0.59 | 0.87 (0.53, 1.44) |
| HCV genotype 1 (%) | 94% | 93% | 94% | 0.68 | 0.81 (0.30, 2.19) |
| Peginterferonα2a group | 46% | 43% | 48% | 0.44 | 0.82 (0.49, 1.36) |
| Medical history | |||||
| Current smoker (%) | 31% | 37% | 29% | 0.17 | 1.45 (0.85, 2.46) |
| Lifetime drinks** | 19260(35743) | 19594(31927) | 19143(37046) | 0.92 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.08) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 27% | 35% | 24% | 0.05 | 1.71 (0.99, 2.94) |
| Hypertension (%) | 37% | 42% | 35% | 0.29 | 1.32 (0.79, 2.21) |
| Medications at baseline | |||||
| Beta-blocker (%) | 12% | 10% | 13% | 0.42 | 0.71 (0.31, 1.62) |
| ACE/ Calcium channel blocker (%) |
5% | 6% | 4% | 0.50 | 1.46 (0.48, 4.41) |
| Aspirin/ non-steroidals (%) | 4% | 1% | 5% | 0.19 | 0.25 (0.03, 1.98) |
| Statins (%) | 2% | 4% | 1% | 0.11 | 4.42 (0.73, 26.96) |
| Proton pump inhibitor (%) | 16% | 20% | 15% | 0.33 | 1.39(0.72, 2.66) |
| Liver disease severity | |||||
| Cirrhosis (%) | 55% | 72% | 49% | 0.0003 | 2.72(1.58, 4.70) |
| Mean HAI baseline | 7.78(2.01) | 7.76(2.07) | 7.79(2.00) | 0.90 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.13) |
| Hepatic steatosis >=2 (%) | 43% | 38% | 45% | 0.28 | 0.75 (0.45, 1.26) |
| Varices at baseline (%) | 42% | 52% | 38% | 0.03 | 1.78(1.07, 2.95) |
| Splenomegaly on USN (%) | 39% | 50% | 35% | 0.02 | 1.89(1.13, 3.16) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.96(5.08) | 30.15(5.60) | 29.9(4.90) | 0.71 | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
| Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) |
18.31(27.03) | 26.58(36.58) | 15.29(21.91) | 0.009 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
| Lab parameters | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 15.04(1.41) | 14.96(1.40) | 15.06(1.42) | 0.57 | 0.95 (0.80, 1.14) |
| Anemia (%) ^ | 3.5% | 4.9% | 3.0% | 0.42 | 1.67 (0.48, 5.86) |
| Log Ferritin (ng/ml) | 2.35 (0.45) | 2.32 (0.47) | 2.37 (0.45) | 0.61 | 0.85 (0.46, 1.58) |
| Ferritin < 30 ng/ml (%) | 4.4% | 3.8% | 6.0% | 0.46 | 0.62 (0.18, 2.20) |
| Ferritin < 40 ng/ml (%) | 6.4% | 6.0% | 7.5% | 0.67 | 0.79 (0.26, 2.36) |
| Platelets (103/ml)*** | 1.48(0.63) | 1.21(0.54) | 1.58(0.63) | <.0001 | 0.33 (0.20, 0.54) |
| Serum AST/ALT | 0.91(0.29) | 1.00(0.26) | 0.88(0.30) | 0.002 | 3.90(1.69, 9.04) |
| Alk phos ratio (ULN) | 0.89(0.42) | 0.92(0.45) | 0.88(0.42) | 0.41 | 1.27(0.72, 2.26) |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.80(0.42) | 3.75(0.40) | 3.82(0.42) | 0.17 | 0.66(0.36, 1.20) |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.87(0.46) | 0.98(0.57) | 0.83(0.41) | 0.01 | 1.97 (1.16, 3.35) |
| INR >1.0 (%) | 50% | 46% | 51% | 0.50 | 0.84(0.51, 1.39) |
| Total bile acids (umol/L) | 20.86(22.27) | 28.35(27.93) | 18.25(19.32) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) |
| Log hyaluronic acid (ng/ml) | 2.10(0.49) | 2.26(0.44) | 2.05(0.50) | 0.001 | 2.55 (1.45, 4.49) |
Data reported as % or mean (Standard deviation)
ACE= Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor
**
Lifetime alcohol consumption/10,000 for calculation of OR
***
Platelets/100
^
Defined as hemoglobin < 12 g/dl in women and < 13 g/dl in men