Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (1990) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1994)
| Baseline characteristics | Women
|
Men
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 346) | Controls (n = 686) | P value | Cases (n = 270) | Controls (n = 519) | P value | |
| Mean age at blood draw (SD), year | 59.0 (6.7) | 59.0 (6.7) | 0.57 | 65.8(8.3) | 65.7(8.3) | 0.28 |
| Colorectal cancer in a parent or sibling, % | 13.9 | 12.0 | 0.43 | 19.6 | 13.9 | 0.03 |
| History of previous endoscopy, % | 12.1 | 15.2 | 0.20 | 56. 7 | 67.1 | 0.004 |
| History of polyp, % | 7.51 | 4.96 | 0.11 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 0.75 |
| Postmenopausal, % | 85.8 | 86.9 | 0.51 | - | - | - |
| Current use of hormones, %a | 38.1 | 46.3 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| Current multivitamin use, % | 34.8 | 38.9 | 0.22 | 47.4 | 52.0 | 0.26 |
| Regular aspirin use (≥2 tablets/week), %b | 38.4 | 46.1 | 0.02 | 41.9 | 48.6 | 0.05 |
| Regular NSAID use (≥2 tablets/week), % | 17.2 | 18.3 | 0.73 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 0.87 |
| Current smoker, % | 14.5 | 12.3 | 0.31 | 5.00 | 4.87 | 0.95 |
| Mean body mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 26.0 (4.93) | 25.5 (4.72) | 0.13 | 26.2 (3.05) | 25.4 (2.71) | <0.001 |
| Mean waist circumference (SD), inch | 31.9 (4.71) | 31.3 (4.35) | 0.05 | 38.6 (3.51) | 37.5 (3.32) | <0.001 |
| Mean waist-to-hip ratio (SD) | 0.79 (0.09) | 0.78 (0.08) | 0.24 | 0.96 (0.05) | 0.94 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| Mean physical activity (SD), MET-hours/week | 16.6 (19.0) | 16.9 (21.3) | 0.78 | 31.9 (27.0) | 31.0 (25.1) | 0.65 |
| Mean daily intakes (SD) | ||||||
| Alcohol, g | 5.67 (9.63) | 5.48 (9.44) | 0.75 | 12.3 (14.9) | 12.0 (14.8) | 0.71 |
| Folate, μg | 416 (204) | 453 (239) | 0.01 | 494 (210) | 521 (228) | 0.09 |
| Calcium, mg | 995 (553) | 1075 (565) | 0.04 | 920 (387) | 926 (342) | 0.67 |
| Total fiber, g | 18.6 (5.80) | 18.9 (5.72) | 0.37 | 22.0 (6.33) | 22.6 (6.47) | 0.18 |
| Red meat as main dish, servings | 0.30 (0.18) | 0.29 (0.17) | 0.48 | 0.27 (0.22) | 0.26 (0.18) | 0.52 |
| Mean DASH score (SD) | 23.7 (4.14) | 24.4 (4.37) | 0.02 | 24.2 (4.62) | 24.7 (4.55) | 0.10 |
| Median adiponectin (IQR), μg/mL | 8.04 (5.31–11.08) | 8.19 (5.85–10.64) | 0.18 | 4.99 (3.30–6.89) | 5.32 (3.71–7.70) | 0.001 |
| Median sOB-R (IQR), ng/mLc | 32.6 (26.8–39.0) | 32.0 (27.2–39.7) | 0.82 | 25.1 (20.8–29.3) | 26.3 (21.9–31.5) | 0.001 |
| Median CRP (IQR), mg/Lc | 1.52 (0.65–3.28) | 1.67 (0.71–3.61) | 0.004 | 1.34 (0.67–2.62) | 1.13 (0.60–2.21) | 0.96 |
| Median IL-6 (IQR), pg/mLc | 1.16 (0.81–1.90) | 1.15 (0.78–1.79) | 0.27 | 1.60 (0.99–2.65) | 1.40 (0.94–2.26) | 0.54 |
| Median sTNFR-2 (IQR), ng/mLc | 2.65 (2.24–3.14) | 2.58 (2.17–3.08) | 0.80 | 2.73 (2.34–3.22) | 2.73 (2.35–3.32) | 0.18 |
| Median C-Peptide (IQR), ng/mlc | 1.93 (1.34–2.84) | 1.82 (1.27–2.77) | 0.98 | 2.32 (1.60–3.49) | 2.09 (1.40–3.25) | 0.36 |
| Median 25(OH)D (IQR), ng/mLc | 24.0 (17.5–30.0) | 26.1 (19.6–32.1) | <0.001 | 27.5 (22.4–33.4) | 28.8 (23.1–34.2) | 0.09 |
| Median IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio (IQR)c | 0.15 (0.11–0.18) | 0.14 (0.11–0.18) | 0.08 | 0.13 (0.07–0.16) | 0.12 (0.07–1.16) | 0.19 |
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRP, C-reactive protein; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP-3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3; IL-6, interleukin-6; IQR, inter-quartile range; MET, metabolic equivalent; SD, standard deviation; sOB-R, soluble leptin receptor; sTNFR-2, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.
Percentage is among postmenopausal women.
A standard tablet contains 325-mg aspirin.
In the Nurses’ Health Study, 340 cases and 371 controls were available for sOB-R analysis, and some paricipants had missing values on the measurements of other biomarkers (3 women for IL-6, 3 women for sTNFR-2, 15 women for C-peptide, 22 women for 25(OH)D, and 21 women for IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio). In the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, there were 1, 3 and 1 men without measurements of CRP, C-peptide, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, respectively.