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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 24.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2012 Sep 24;26(15):1879–1884. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328357f5d1

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of HIV and HCV on percent of activated CD8 cells. Percentages are given as proportion of CD38+ and HLA-DR+ cells among all CD3+ CD8+ cells. A) Percent of CD38+HLADR+ cells among normal controls, HCV monoinfected, NVS without chronic HCV, NVS with chronic HCV, HIV monoinfected, and HIV/HCV dual infected patients. The association of HCV infection with immune activation within the NVS is seen when comparing those with or without chronic HCV infection (p=.004). The association of HIV infection with immune activation in the NVS are demonostrated when comparing NVS without chronic HCV to HIV/HCV negative controls, or NVS with chronic HCV to HCV monoinfected controls (p=.003 and .006, respectively). B) Effect of sex, IDU status, HLA-B57 status, or HIV-1 viral blip >400 copies/ml on percent of activated CD8 cells. There was no statistically significant effect of sex, IDU status, HLA-B57 status, or HIV-1 viral blip on the percent of activated CD8 cells. HCV=Hepatitis C virus. IDU=injection drug use. NVS=HIV-1 infected individuals with HIV-1 viral loads <400 copies/ml without therapy.