Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Chem Ecol. 2012 Oct 19;38(11):1358–1365. doi: 10.1007/s10886-012-0200-0

Table 1. The defense compounds of nymphs of Pentatomidae and Coreidae.

Family Species (# of specimens; instar examined) Most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Next most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Other compounds (rel. abundance, when available; instar where compound is found) Reference
Pentatomidae Apateticus bracteatus (mid-instar) n-Tridecane (62) (E)-2-octenal (30) Percy et al. (1980)
Apodiphus amygdali n-Tridecane (E)-2-decenal Pavis (1987)
Chinavia aseada(Acrosternum aseadum) (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (E)-2-decenal 4-oxo(E)-2-decenal (1st instar) Borges and Aldrich (1992); name change: Schwertner and Grazia (2007)
Chinavia hilaris(Acrosternum hilare) (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (29–39) (E)2-decenal (23) 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (1st instar) Borges and Aldrich (1992); name change: Schwertner and Grazia (2007)
Chinavia impicticornis (5th instar) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (70) n-Tridecane (18) (E)-2-decenal (10) Pareja et al. (2007)
Chinavia ubica (5th instar) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (30) (E)>2-decenal (20) n-Tridecane (15) Pareja et al. (2007)
Chlorochroa ligata (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (44–65) (E)>2-decenal (30) (E)-2-octenal (16; 1st instar) Fucarino et al. (2004)
Chlorochroa sayi (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (27–45) (E)>2-octenal (15–29) Fucarino et al. (2004)
Dichelops melacanthus (5th instar) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (55) n-Tridecane (23) Pareja et al. (2007)
Edessa meditabunda (1st, 2nd, 5th instars) n-Undecane (E)-2-octenal Borges and Aldrich (1992)
Eocanthecona furcellata (last instar) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (78) n-Tridecane (11) Ho et al. (2003)
Euridema rugosa (lst–3rd instars) n-Tridecane; (E)-2-hexenal Ishiwatari (1974)
Euridema pulchra (lst–3rd instars) (E)-2-hexenal n-Tridecane Ishiwatari (1974)
Euschistus conspersus (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (37–49) n-Tetradecanal (13–28) 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (20; 1st instar) Borges and Aldrich (1992)
Euschistus heros (1st, 2nd, 5th instars) n-Tridecane n-Tetradecanal, 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (1st instar), 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal Borges and Aldrich (1992); Pareja et al. (2007)
Family Species (# of specimens; instar examined) Most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Next most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Other compounds (rel. abundance, when available; instar where compound is found) Reference
Pentatomidae (cont'd) Euschistus tristigmus (1st, 2nd, 4th instars) n-Tridecane 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (1st instar) Borges and Aldrich (1992)
Lincus spurcus (5th instar) n-Undecane (55–62) (E-hexenal (20–27) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (14) Cassier et al. (1994)
Nezara viridula (lst–5th instars) n-Tridecane (E)-2-decenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (1st instar), 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal Fucarino et al. (2004); Borges and Aldrich (1992); Pavis et al. (1994)
Pallantia macunaima (1st–5th instars) n-Tridecane (30–44) (E)>2-hexenal (20–34); 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (8–32) (E)-2-decenal (8–27) Fávaro et al. (2011)
Piezodorus guildinii (5th instar) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (20) n-Tridecane (9) Pareja et al. (2007)
Podisus maculiventris (5th instar) (E)-2-hexenal (36) n-Tridecane (28) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (13); linalool (15) Aldrich et al. (1984)
Tessaratoma aetiops (5th instar) n-Tridecane (E)-2-decenal (E)-2-octenal Calam and Youdeowi (1968)
Thyanta pallidovirens (1st, 2nd instars) n-Tridecane (37) (E)>2-decenal (10–19) 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (9; 1st instar) Fucarino et al. (2004)
Coreidae Acanthocerus galeator (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (E)-2-octenal Aldrich and Yonke (1975)
Amblypelta nitida (lst-5th instars) n-Hexanal Pavis (1987)
Anoplocnemis dallasiana (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal (58) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (35) Prestwich (1976)
Archimerus alternatus (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (E)-2-octenal Aldrich and Yonke (1975)
Holopterna allata (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal (90) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (10) Prestwich (1976)
Leptoglossus clypealis (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal Aldrich and Yonke (1975)
Leptoglossus occidentalis (3rd and 4th instars) (E)-2-hexenal Blatt et al. (1998)
Family Species (# of specimens; instar examined) Most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Next most abundant compound (rel. abundance, when available) Other compounds (rel. abundance, when available; instar where compound is found) Reference
Coreidae (cont'd) Leptoglossus opposites (not indicated) (E)-2-hexenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal Aldrich and Yonke (1975)
Pternistria bispina (not indicated) (E)-2-octenal (44–59) 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal (25–50) (E)-2-hexenal (0–19) Baker and Jones (1969)
Thasus neocalifornicus (3rd and 4th instars) (E)-2-hexenal 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal Prudic et al. (2008)