Table 2.
Major clinical trials in pharmacotherapy of kidney stones
| Authors Year (ref.) | Treatment | Population Studied | Study Duration (Years) |
Treated/Placebo | Design | Recurrence (%) Treated/Control |
Finding RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiazide Therapy | |||||||
| Brocks 1981 (38) |
Bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg TID |
CaSF (n=62) | 1.6 | 33/29 | RCD | 24/16 | NS |
| Scholz 1982 (39) |
HCTZ 25 mg BID | CaSF (n=51) | 1 | 25/26 | RCD | 24/23 | NS |
| Laerum 1984 (30) |
HCTZ 25 mg BID | CaSF (n=50) (M/F=38/12) |
3 | 25/25 | RCD | 20/48 | 0.39 |
| Wilson 1984 (31) |
HCTZ 100 mg daily | CaSF (n=44) | 2.8 | 23/21 | RC | 21/44 | 0.48 |
| Robertson 1985 (32) |
Bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg TID |
CaSF (n=22) | 3 to 5 | 13/9 | RC | 0.38 | |
| Mortensen 1986 (37) |
Bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg TID + KCl TID |
CaSF (n=22) (M=22) |
2 | 12/10 | RCD | 40/40 | NS |
| Ettinger 1988 (33) |
Chlorthalidone 25/50 mg daily |
CaOx SF (n=73) (M/F=63/10 |
3 | 19(25mg)/ 23(50mg)/ 31(placebo) |
RCD | 14/46 | 0.23 |
| Ohkawa 1992 (34) |
Triclormethiazide 4mg daily |
CaSF (n=175) | 2.1 to 2.2 | 82/93 | RC | 0.42 | |
| Borghi 1993 (35) |
Indapamide 2.5mg daily |
CaOx SF (n=75) | 3 | 43/14 | RCD | 15/43 | 0.21 |
| Fernandez-Rodriguez 2006 (36) |
HCTZ 50 mg daily | CaSF (n=100) | 3 | 50/50 | RC | 0.56 | |
| Citrate Therapy | |||||||
| Barcelo 1993 (50) |
Potassium Citrate 30-60 mEq/d |
Hypocit CaSF (n=57) (M/F=25/32 |
3 | 18/20 | RCD | 28/80 | |
| Ettinger 1997 (51) |
Potassium Mg Citrate 60 mEq/d |
CaOx SF (n=64) (M/F=50/14) |
3 | 31/33 | RCD | 13/64 | |
| Hofbauer 1994 (52) |
Sodium K Citrate Variable dose to Keep urine pH 7-7.2 |
CaOX SF (n=50) M/F=31/19 |
3 | 25/25 | RCD | 69/73 | NS |
CaOx, calcium oxalate; SF, stone former; M, male; F, female; RC, randomized controlled; RCD, randomized controlled double blind; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; Hypocit, hypocitraturic; RR, relative risk; NS, no significance