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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 May 27;61(6):947–956. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12275

Table 3.

Modified Intention-to-Treat Analysis for Clinical Significance of Primary Outcomes for the Entire Sample and for the Subgroup Analysis of Participants with Severe Pain at Baseline

Measure Postintervention 9-Month Follow-Up Treatment Effect Omnibus
P-Valuea 		Pair-Wise
P-Valueb
N With 30%
Reduction, n (%)		 N With 30%
Reduction, n (%)		 OR (95% Confidence
Interval)c
Entire sample
  Insomnia severity
    EOC 122 36 (29.5) 120 49 (40.8) N/A <.001 N/A
    CBT-P vs EOC 117 33 (28.0) 111 40 (35.7) 0.81 (0.48–1.36) .43
    CBT-PI vs EOC 113 62 (52.4) 108 55 (50.5) 2.20 (1.25–3.90) .007
    CBT-PI vs CBT-P 2.72 (1.59–4.64) <.001
  Pain severity
    EOC 122 21 (17.2) 120 29 (24.2) N/A .77 N/A
    CBT-P vs EOC 117 20 (17.0) 111 23 (20.5) 0.79 (0.39–1.60) N/A
    CBT-PI vs EOC 113 23 (20.2) 108 30 (27.5) 0.96 (0.55–1.68) N/A
Participants with severe pain at baseline
  Insomnia severity
    EOC 41 13 (31.7) 40 16 (40.0) N/A .04 N/A
    CBT-P vs EOC 42 13 (30.2) 41 15 (35.7) 0.75 (0.27–2.07) .58
    CBT-PI vs EOC 48 25 (52.1) 44 23 (52.3) 2.41 (0.93–6.21) .07
    CBT-PI vs CBT-P 3.21 (1.22–8.43) .02
  Pain severity
    EOC 41 10 (24.4) 40 10 (25.0) N/A .79 N/A
    CBT-P vs EOC 42 9 (20.9) 41 12 (28.6) 1.18 (0.49–2.85) N/A
    CBT-PI vs EOC 48 11 (22.9) 44 14 (31.8) 1.36 (0.57–3.24) N/A

N/A = not applicable.

a

P-value for omnibus Wald test employing both posttreatment visits (postintervention and 9-months) controlled for baseline values, depression, cognitive status, opioid and hypnotic medication use, and clinic.

b

Pair-wise P-values for cognitive–behavioral therapy for pain (CBT-P) minus education-only control (EOC), cognitive–behavioral therapy for pain and insomnia (CBT-PI) minus EOC, and CBT-PI minus CBT-P. P-values correspond to a two-sided test of the null hypothesis that the difference between the two means is 0.

c

Odds ratio (OR) estimates from repeated-measures logistic regression adjusted for baseline values of relevant outcome, age, depression, modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, analgesic use, hypnotic use, an indicator of whether the outcome was measured at 9 months, and the clinic at which the intervention was delivered.