Table 2.
Status | Participants, No. |
Prevalence of Depression, Weighted % (95% CI) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate to Severe (PHQ-9 Score of ≥10) |
Mild (PHQ-9 Score of 5–9) |
Moderate (PHQ-9 Score of 10–14) |
Moderately Severe to Severe (PHQ-9 Score of ≥15) |
||
Difficulty reading ordinary newsprintb |
|||||
No | 8046 | 5.3 (4.5–6.3) | 13.3 (12.3–14.5) | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) |
Yes | 2419 | 13.4 (11.0–16.2) | 20.6 (18.4–23.0) | 8.5 (6.7–10.8) | 4.6 (3.5–6.2) |
Difficulty seeing up close when doing work or hobbies |
|||||
No | 8527 | 5.6 (4.8–6.5) | 13.8 (12.7–14.9) | 3.8 (3.3–4.5) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) |
Yes | 1938 | 12.9 (10.6–15.7) | 19.6 (17.3–22.1) | 7.7 (6.0–9.8) | 5.1 (3.8–6.8) |
Difficulty seeing steps or curbs in dim light |
|||||
No | 8510 | 5.3 (4.5–6.1) | 13.0 (11.9–14.2) | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) |
Yes | 1954 | 15.9 (13.0–19.2) | 24.4 (22.1–26.8) | 9.9 (7.8–12.4) | 5.9 (4.6–7.5) |
Difficulty noticing objects off to the side |
|||||
No | 9328 | 5.8 (5.0–6.7) | 14.0 (13.0–15.1) | 3.9 (3.3–4.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) |
Yes | 1140 | 19.7 (16.0–24.0) | 23.8 (20.1–27.9) | 11.2 (8.5–14.5) | 8.4 (6.4–10.9) |
Difficulty finding object on a crowded shelf |
|||||
No | 9119 | 5.6 (4.8–6.6) | 13.9 (13.0–14.9) | 3.8 (3.2–4.5) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) |
Yes | 1347 | 18.4 (15.1–22.3) | 22.8 (19.9–26.1) | 10.9 (8.3–14.2) | 7.4 (5.5–9.8) |
Difficulty driving in the daytime in a familiar place |
|||||
No | 9798 | 6.1 (5.2–7.2) | 14.6 (13.6–15.6) | 4.1 (3.4–4.8) | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) |
Yes | 655 | 25.0 (20.0–30.7) | 20.2 (15.8–25.3) | 15.1 (11.2–20.1) | 9.7 (6.2–14.9) |
Impaired visual functionc | |||||
No | 6609 | 4.8 (4.0–5.7) | 12.1 (11.0–13.2) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
Yes | 3871 | 11.3 (9.7–13.2) | 20.1 (18.5–21.8) | 7.1 (5.9–8.6) | 4.0 (3.2–5.1) |
Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
Defined as a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater.
Moderate, extreme, or unable to do.
Defined as any of the impaired visual functions listed.