Figure 1.

Spectra of photothermal responses of gold spheres to 70 ps laser pulse (measured through the lifetime of vapor nanobubbles). (A) Individual gold 60 nm spheres at 66 mJ cm⁻² (hollow dots) and 230 mJ cm⁻² (solid dots) in water. (B) Clusters of 20 nm (solid dots) and 60 nm (hollow squares) spheres in water (44 mJ cm⁻²). (C) Water suspensions of gold spheres with diameters of 20 nm (dotted hollow squares), 60 nm (solid dots) and 120 nm (dashed hollow triangles) (60 mJ cm⁻²). (D) Spectra of individual cancer cells in vitro targeted with C225-conjugated 60 nm gold spheres (60 mJ cm⁻²). (E) Spectra of acoustic responses of a tumor (solid dots) and intact tissue (hollow squares) in vivo in a mouse systemically treated with C225-conjugated 60 nm gold spheres (40 mJ cm⁻² ).