Table 1.
Upstream regulators of Nanog
| Targets | Mediated cell functions | References |
|---|---|---|
| STAT3 | Maintenance of pluripotency. | 4,93,95 |
| Ezh2 | Epigenetic regulation of Nanog, selfrenewal. | 72 |
| Hedgehog | Selfrenewal, tumorigenicity. | 32,71,89 |
| TLR4 | Tumor formation. | 132 |
| p53 | Differentiation, CSC properties acquirement. | 32,84,85 |
| Esrrb | Maintaining Nanog expression. | 111,112 |
| HIF2a | Enhances Nanog and CSC properties under hypoxia. | 133 |
| PI3K/Akt | Tumorigenesis, cell survival, and selfrenewal. | 33,115,121,134 |
Abbreviations: CSC, cancer stem cells; Esrrb, estrogen-related receptor β; PI3K, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Ezh2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; HIF2a, hypoxia inducible factor 2a; Akt, protein kinase B; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4.