Table 3.
Results of Linear Mixed Models for Age at Baseline Predicting Psychological and Clinical Outcomes of COPD
| Predictors | Outcomes
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression b (SE), p |
Anxiety b (SE), p |
Health-Related Quality of Life b (SE), p |
Breathlessness b (SE), p |
|
| Age at Baseline | −0.03 (0.02), 0.10 | −0.09 (0.02), < 0.001 | −0.29 (0.09), < 0.001 | −0.003 (0.005), 0.56 |
| Years Since COPD was Diagnosed | 0.01 (0.02), 0.54 | 0.01 (0.02), 0.61 | 0.36 (0.11), < 0.001 | 0.023 (0.006), < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | −0.001 (0.29), 0.998 | 0.93 (0.33), < 0.01 | 2.14 (1.55), 0.17 | 0.077 (0.085), 0.36 |
| Relationship Status | ||||
| Single | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Coupled | −0.25 (0.34), 0.46 | −0.53 (0.38), 0.17 | −4.83 (1.81), < 0.01 | −0.119 (0.099), 0.23 |
| Education | Overall p < 0.001 | Overall p = 0.07 | Overall p < 0.001 | Overall p < 0.01 |
| Grade 12 or less | 1.36 (0.35), < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.40), 0.02 | 7.98 (1.90), < 0.001 | 0.358 (0.104), < 0.001 |
| College 1 to 3 years | 0.69 (0.33), 0.04 | 0.48 (0.38), 0.21 | 5.04 (1.81), < 0.01 | 0.224 (0.099), 0.02 |
| College graduate or more | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Lifetime Tobacco Exposure | Overall p = 0.68 | Overall p = 0.70 | Overall p = 0.93 | Overall p = 0.72 |
| Never smoked | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1 to 20 pack years | 0.20 (0.36), 0.58 | 0.04 (0.41), 0.93 | −0.20 (1.93), 0.92 | 0.044 (0.106), 0.68 |
| More than 20 pack years | 0.32 (0.37), 0.38 | 0.31 (0.42), 0.46 | 0.50 (2.00), 0.80 | 0.089 (0.109), 0.42 |
| Genotype | Overall p < 0.01 | Overall p = 0.11 | Overall p < 0.01 | Overall p = 0.04 |
| Severely deficient | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Not severely deficient | 1.38 (0.57), 0.02 | 1.10 (0.65), 0.09 | 8.48 (3.08), < 0.01 | −0.154 (0.168), 0.36 |
| Unknown | 1.19 (0.50), 0.02 | 0.92 (0.57), 0.11 | 8.30 (2.77), < 0.01 | 0.328 (0.150), 0.03 |
| Oxygen Use | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.63 (0.29), < 0.001 | 0.39 (0.33), 0.24 | 13.50 (1.57), < 0.001 | 0.973 (0.086), < 0.001 |
| Augmentation Therapy Use | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | −0.48 (0.39), 0.22 | 0.37 (0.44), 0.41 | 2.06 (2.11), 0.33 | −0.129 (0.116), 0.27 |
| Time | Overall p = 0.75 | Overall p = 0.07 | Overall p = 0.26 | Overall p = 0.34 |
| Baseline | −0.11 (0.14), 0.45 | 0.34 (0.16), 0.03 | 0.63 (0.61), 0.30 | −0.025 (0.043), 0.56 |
| 1-year follow-up | −0.05 (0.13), 0.70 | 0.29 (0.16), 0.07 | −0.29 (0.50), 0.56 | −0.066 (0.045), 0.15 |
| 2-year follow-up | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |