Table 4.
Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in equol producers and non-producers
| Equol producers and non-producers | Isoflavones (soybean)a | Lignan polyphenols (sesame seeds)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equol (μg/g-Cr) | Daidzein (μg/g-Cr) | Enterolactone (μg/g-Cr) | Enterodiol (μg/g-Cr) | |
| Total | ||||
| E(+) | 564 (4.0) | 1,531 (4.6) | 56.7 (4.4)*** | 62.4 (4.4)*** |
| (n = 195) | 565 | 1,825 | 63.1 | 74.8 |
| E(−) | – | 1,662 (4.5) | 27.8 (6.9) | 12.8 (7.3) |
| (n = 305) | – | 2,010 | 30.6 | 10.1 |
| Hokkaido | ||||
| E(+) | 681 (3.7) | 1,738 (4.8) | 57.3 (4.4) | 48.3 (3.7)*** |
| (n = 30) | 916 | 1,779 | 42.7 | 58.6 |
| E(−) | – | 1,420 (5.4) | 27.9 (6.8) | 13.0 (7.9) |
| (n = 70) | – | 1,758 | 46.3 | 11.54 |
| Miyagi | ||||
| E(+) | 606 (3.9) | 1,191 (4.8) | 35.7 (4.8) | 54.4 (4.1)*** |
| (n = 47) | 636 | 1,324 | 41.8 | 70.8 |
| E(−) | – | 1,736 (4.5) | 23.7 (7.2) | 8.6 (7.1) |
| (n = 53) | – | 2,292 | 27.7 | 5.8 |
| Kyoto | ||||
| E(+) | 614 (4.3) | 1,164 (4.1) | 70.9 (4.0) | 101.7 (3.4)*** |
| (n = 38) | 518 | 1,265 | 68.1 | 88.8 |
| E(−) | – | 1,448 (5.0) | 38.7 (7.5) | 19.9 (8.1) |
| (n = 62) | – | 1,976 | 38.7 | 17.7 |
| Kochi | ||||
| E(+) | 404 (4.7) | 1,361 (6.0) | 78.1 (3.7)** | 62.5 (4.8)*** |
| (n = 40) | 382 | 1,647 | 78.6 | 61.1 |
| E(−) | – | 1,459 (5.4) | 27.4 (6.9) | 13.7 (7.3) |
| (n = 60) | – | 1,536 | 22.4 | 9.2 |
| Okinawa | ||||
| E(+) | 579 (3.5) | 2,745 (3.1) | 56.6 (4.6)** | 54.4 (5.6)*** |
| (n = 40) | 490 | 3,520 | 70.3 | 64.6 |
| E(−) | – | 2,533 (2.3) | 22.5 (6.1) | 10.4 (5.9) |
| (n = 60) | – | 2,570 | 24.5 | 6.0 |
** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, vs. equol non-producers by Student’s t test after log-transformation
E(+) Equol producers, E(−) equol non-producers, Cr creatinine
aUrinary phytoestrogen concentrations for equol producers and non-producers in the total study cohort and for each study region are given as: GM (GSD) (top row) and median (bottom row)