Table 7.
Predictors of mortality after lower extremity fracture*
| Parameter | Significance | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Pulmonary insufficiency | < 0.001 | 12 | 11 | 12 |
| Head trauma | < 0.001 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| Myocardial infarction | < 0.001 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| Chest or abdominal trauma | < 0.001 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| Fracture of femur (other than neck) | < 0.001 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
| Complications not elsewhere classified | < 0.001 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 |
| Fracture of neck of femur | < 0.001 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Pneumonia pulmonary congestion | < 0.001 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 |
| Congestive heart failure | < 0.001 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| Fracture of neck and trunk | < 0.001 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | < 0.001 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Fracture of tibia and fibula | < 0.001 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
| Atrial fibrillation | < 0.001 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | < 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Male sex | < 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Transfusion | < 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Age | < 0.001 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 |
| Days of care | < 0.001 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Geographic Northeast compared with South | < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| Geographic Midwest compared with South | < 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 |
| Acute posthemorragic anemia | < 0.001 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.87 |
| Fracture of patella | < 0.001 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.85 |
| Number of beds 100–199 compared with 6–99 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.79 |
| Chronic coronary artery disease | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.79 |
| Numberof beds 300–499 compared with 6–99 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.78 |
| Number of beds > 500 compared with 6–99 | < 0.001 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
| Fracture of radius and ulna | < 0.001 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.78 |
| Depression | < 0.001 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.72 |
| Anxiety | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.72 |
| Osteoporosis | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.70 |
| Fracture of ankle | < 0.001 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.64 |
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.60 |
| Thyroid disease | < 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.57 |
| ORIF | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.51 |
| Partial hip arthroplasty | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
| Fracture of tarsal or metatarsal bones | < 0.001 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.45 |
| CRIF | < 0.001 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.42 |
| Induced mental disorder | < 0.001 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
| Schizophrenia | < 0.001 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.20 |
* From bivariate analyses’ significant variables in the model: age, sex, geographic region, hospital size, days of care, fracture of neck or trunk, fracture of radius/ulna, fracture of femur neck, fracture of femur other than neck, fracture of patella, fracture of tibia/fibula, fracture of ankle, fracture of tarsal/metatarsal, head trauma, chest or abdominal trauma, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, hypertensive disease, chronic coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis, thyroid disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, wound complication, complications not elsewhere classified, acute posthemorrhagic anemia, induced mental disorders, transfusion, pneumonia or pulmonary congestion, pulmonary insufficiency, CRIF, ORIF, partial hip arthroplasty; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ORIF = open reduction and internal fixation; CRIF = closed reduction and internal fixation.