. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 14.

Published in final edited form as: Appl Dev Sci. 2008 Oct 14;12(4):163–175. doi: 10.1080/10888690802387880

Table 1.

Parenting constructs

	Warmth	Psychological Control	Behavioral Control	Monitoring	Communication	Parental Self- Efficacy
Infancy						Le^w
K-3^rd grade	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a	Hill^w, ^a	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a^*		Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a^*	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a
4-6^th grade	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a Murry ^w Ceballo ^w, ^a	Hill^w, ^a Ceballo^w, ^a	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a^*	Pinderh ^a^* Murry^w Ceballo^w, ^a	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a Murry^w	Hill^w, ^a Pinderh ^a Ceballo^w, ^a
7-8^th grade	Pinderh^w, ^a Murry^w		Pinderh ^a^*	Pinderh^w, ^a Murry^w, ^a	Pinderh^w, ^a Murry^w
9-12^th grade	Pinderh^w, ^a^* Murry^w Chao^w, ^a	Chao^w, ^a	Chao^w, ^a	Pinderh^w, ^a^* Murry^w Chao^w, ^a	Pinderh^w, ^a Murryw

Notes: w = within group comparisons within a dataset; a = multigroup comparisons within a dataset; Pinderh = Pinderhughes

In these cases, data are available for only specific years during the given age period.