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Clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis of STx. The schematic diagram shows speculative relationship of two of the pathways by which STx gains access to the cell interior. Components known to be required in the respective pathways are highlighted. Also indicated are the upregulation of the clathrin-mediated pathway by STx-induced syk signaling and the ability of STx itself to induce membrane curvature leading to non-clathrin mediated internalization.
