Table 1.
Group means and standard deviations of combat-exposed Vietnam veterans with and without PTSD and their combat-unexposed, identical co-twins
| PTSD Pairs* | Non-PTSD Pairs† | Mixed Model ANOVA | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed | Unexposed | Exposed | Unexposed | Diagnosis | Exposure | Interaction | ||||||||
| n=12 | n=12 | n=14 | n=14 | F(1,24) | p | F(1,24) | p | F(1,24) | p | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||||
| Age (years) | 55.0 | 2.9 | 55.0 | 2.9 | 56.4 | 2.2 | 56.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | .16 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Education (years) | 12.8 | 3.1 | 13.3 | 3.1 | 13.6 | 1.7 | 13.6 | 2.0 | 0.4 | ns | 0.5 | ns | 0.2 | ns |
| MAST# | 8.6 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 4.5a | 0.051 | 1.0a | ns | 0.4a | ns |
| Combat Severity¶ | 8.7 | 1.5 | -- | -- | 3.6 | 2.7 | -- | -- | 31.2b | <.0001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| CAPS§-Current | 61.7 | 22.3 | -- | -- | 7.6 | 10.2 | -- | -- | 66.3 | <.0001 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| BDI¥ | 11.5 | 9.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.4c | 0.08 | 6.6c | .02 | 8.3c | .011 |
| CTQv | 60.4 | 8.7 | 59.3 | 9.9 | 63.4 | 6.2 | 62.2 | 3.6 | 1.4b | ns | 0.56b | ns | 0.003b | ns |
| Birth Weight (oz) | 89.5 | 14.0 | 97.0 | 10.0 | 88.5 | 24.4 | 82.8 | 23.6 | 0.85d | ns | 0.05d | ns | 2.4d | ns |
*
As determined by the presence of current, combat-related PTSD in the combat-exposed twin
†
As determined by the absence of current or past, combat-related PTSD in the combat-exposed twin
#
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (range 0–25)
¶
18-item measure (range 0–18)
§
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (range 0–136), combat-related
¥
Beck Depression Inventory (range 0–63)
v
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
Due to missing data:
a
df=1,15;
b
df=1,23;
c
df=1,16,
d
df=1,18