Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics including medications of the participants by gender.
| Variable | Mean ± SD | Minimum | Maximum | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Male (n = 8) | 46.2 ± 3.7 | 32.0 | 56.0 | 39.0–47.0 |
| Female (n = 21) | 51.5 ± 6.4 | 28.0 | 67.0 | 41.0–55.0 |
| Length of diagnosis of diabetes (years) |
||||
| Male (n = 8) | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 0.5 | 8.0 | 2.0–5.0 |
| Female (n = 21) | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 0.8 | 11.0 | 1.2–7.8 |
|
| ||||
| *Medications | ||||
| Number of medications at baseline | Medications at baseline | |||
|
| ||||
| Diabetes medications | ||||
| 3 males, 5 Females | 3 | Metformin, glimepiride, insulin | ||
| 5 males, 11 Females | 2 | Metformin, glimepiride, | ||
| 5 Females | 3 | Metformin, glyburide, insulin | ||
| Lipid medications | ||||
| 14 females | 2 | Atorvastatin, fenofibrate | ||
| 5 males, 4 females | 1 | Atorvastatin | ||
| 3 males, 3 females | 1 | Fenofibrate | ||
| Blood pressure medications | ||||
| 6 males, 9 females | 2 | Amlodipine, valsartan | ||
| 2 males, 5 females | 2 | Lisinopril, bendrofluazide | ||
| 7 females | 2 | Hydrochlorothiazide losartan | ||
|
| ||||
| Known complications | ||||
| Number of complications | Types of complications | |||
|
| ||||
| 3 males, 5 females | 3 | Nephropathy, PN, PAD | ||
| 4 males, 12 females | 1 | PN | ||
| 4 females | 4 | IHD, PN, nephropathy, PAD | ||
Key: IHD: ischaemic heart disease; PN: peripheral neuropathy; PAD: peripheral arterial disease.
*Types of medications were in various combinations based on the physician's assessment of the need of individual patient and in response to the exercise programme; downward adjustments were made in combinations or dosages as deemed necessary by the physician. There was no upward review of dosage or combinations throughout the study period.