Figure 2.

Antioxidant effects of the PCS extract on hepatocytes. (a) HepG2 cells were treated without (−) or with various doses of the PCS extract for 24 h, and 1 mM H₂O₂ was added for the last 3 h. *P < 0.05 versus (−)/H₂O₂. (b) HepG2 cells were treated without (−) or with various doses of the PCS extracts and 700 μM palmitate for 24 h. *P < 0.05 versus (−)/palmitate. (c) Primary hepatocytes were isolated from young (2 months old) and old (20 months old) mice. After 24 h of treatment without (−) or with the PCS extract, ROS levels were measured. *P < 0.05 versus (−)/old. CON, treatment with nothing. Resveratrol (Res, 50 μM) was used as a positive control.