a) Nucleoprotein (NP; green) fusion with the scaffold protein (SP; yellow) is co-expressed with the coat protein (blue), resulting in assembly of the NP-P22 VLP. A model of the natural influenza virus (made available by the Center for Disease Control) is shown illustrating the display of NP (green), neuraminidase (red), hemagglutinin (blue), and M2 ion channels (purple) to highlight the biomimetic design of the NP-P22. b) Treatment of a host (immunization) with NP-P22, due to its biomimetic display of NP, is expected to be processed by the pathway that generates CD8+ T cells specific for NP.