. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 Sep;61(9):1627–1629. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12429

Table 2.

Stepwise Logistic Regression Models of the Odds of Major Depressive Disorder or Any Depressive Symptoms per 25 dB of Hearing Loss^b and hearing aid use

Odds Ratios (95% CI)
	Major Depressive Disorder		Any Depressive Symptoms
Variable ^a	BPTA per 25 db	HL Hearing Aid Use	BPTA per 25 db	HL Hearing Aid Use
Base Model (HL + HA)	1.50 (0.74, 3.04)	0.28 (0.13, 0.60)^**	1.63 (0.90, 2.97)	0.27 (0.12, 0.59)^**
Base
+ Demographic Factors	1.59 (0.63, 4.03)	0.34 (0.14, 0.83)^*	1.54 (0.76, 3.14)	0.34 (0.15, 0.79)^*
Base
+ Demographic Factors	1.63 (0.66, 4.02)	0.35 (0.14, 0.90)^*	1.58 (0.77, 3.25)	0.33 (0.14, 0.77)^*
+ Cardiovascular Factors

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. BPTA, better ear pure tone average (per 25 dB loss).HA, hearing aid use, HL, Hearing Loss.

p<0.05;

^**

< 0.0001

Demographic factors include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education; cardiovascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, stroke.

Hearing loss is defined as a speech-frequency pure tone average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the better hearing ear