Ket-1/Li-10 combination treatment increases excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) responses in mPFC layer V pyramidal neurons. Rats were administered Saline, Ket-1, Li-10, Ket-10, or Ket-1/Li-10 and 24 h later whole-cell recordings were conducted in mPFC slices; note that lithium was given 30 min after ketamine because preliminary data had shown that sequence produced more robust changes than the reverse order. (a) Samples of whole-cell voltage-clamp traces of 5-HT (20 μM)- and hcrt (200 nM)-induced EPSCs in the pyramidal neurons from rats treated under the described treatment conditions. (b) Frequency of 5-HT- and hypocretin-induced EPSCs. Results are the mean±SEM percent of vehicle control (F=4.61 for 5-HT and F=4.64 for hypocretin, p<0.05; post-hoc test *p<0.05 vs control, **p<0.01 vs control; n=14–18 cells from 4–7 rats).