TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Antipsychotic Users and Nonusers
| Characteristic | Total (n = 2,363) n (%) | Antipsychotic Users (n = 742) n (%) | Nonusers (n = 1,621) n (%) | χ2 Statistic | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital event | 719 (30.4) | 231 (31.1) | 488 (30.1) | 0.25 | 0.6145 |
| Death | 682 (28.9) | 170 (22.9) | 512 (31.6) | 18.65 | <0.0001 |
| Age group | |||||
| Less than 65 years | 409 (17.3) | 186 (25.1) | 223 (13.8) | ||
| 65–74 years | 193 (8.2) | 82 (11.1) | 111 (6.9) | ||
| 75–84 years | 672 (28.4) | 230 (31.0) | 442 (27.3) | ||
| 85 years or older | 1,089 (46.1) | 244 (32.9) | 845 (52.1) | 92.03a | <0.0001 |
| Gender, male | 740 (31.3) | 271 (36.5) | 469 (28.9) | 13.63 | 0.0002 |
| Race, white | 2,016 (85.3) | 631 (85.0) | 1,385 (85.4) | 0.07 | 0.7984 |
| Currently married | 1,425 (60.3) | 402 (54.2) | 1,023 (63.1) | 16.96 | <0.0001 |
| High school graduate | 907 (38.4) | 270 (36.4) | 637 (39.3) | 1.82 | 0.1772 |
| Income at or below federal poverty level | 951 (40.3) | 317 (42.7) | 634 (39.1) | 2.76 | 0.0967 |
| Urban residence | 1,737 (73.5) | 562 (75.7) | 1,175 (72.5) | 2.77 | 0.0961 |
| Supplemental health insurance | 1,989 (84.2) | 635 (85.6) | 1,354 (83.5) | 1.61 | 0.2049 |
| Prescription drug insurance | 582 (24.6) | 187 (25.2) | 395 (24.4) | 0.19 | 0.6621 |
| Fair or poor self-rated health | 1,336 (56.5) | 427 (57.6) | 909 (56.1) | 0.45 | 0.5033 |
| Three or fewer ADL limitations | 1,666 (70.5) | 494 (66.6) | 1,172 (72.3) | 8.02 | 0.0046 |
| BMIb group | |||||
| <18.5 (underweight) | 438 (18.5) | 123 (16.6) | 315 (19.4) | ||
| 18.5–24.9 (desirable weight) | 1,062 (44.9) | 327 (44.1) | 735 (45.3) | ||
| 25.0–29.9 (overweight) | 542 (22.9) | 172 (23.2) | 370 (22.8) | ||
| >30.0 (obese) | 321 (13.6) | 120 (16.2) | 201 (12.4) | 7.78a | 0.0507 |
| Number of reported comorbid physical conditions | |||||
| 0–3 | 660 (27.9) | 185 (24.9) | 475 (29.3) | ||
| 4–6 | 650 (27.5) | 197 (26.6) | 453 (28.0) | ||
| 7–9 | 534 (22.6) | 192 (25.9) | 342 (21.0) | ||
| 10 or more | 519 (22.0) | 168 (22.6) | 351 (21.7) | 9.21a | 0.0266 |
| Anxiety | 193 (8.2) | 91 (12.3) | 102 (6.3) | 24.20 | <0.0001 |
| Mood disorders | 634 (26.8) | 219 (29.5) | 415 (25.6) | 3.97 | 0.0463 |
| Schizophrenia or psychotic disorders | 138 (5.8) | 114 (15.4) | 24 (1.5) | 178.41 | <0.0001 |
| Delusion | 135 (5.7) | 88 (11.9) | 47 (2.9) | 75.87 | <0.0001 |
| Delirium | 726 (30.7) | 268 (36.1) | 458 (28.3) | 14.79 | 0.0001 |
| Physical restraint order | 185 (7.8) | 55 (7.4) | 130 (8.0) | 0.26 | 0.6100 |
| Other classes of psychoactive drugs | |||||
| Antidepressant user | 960 (40.6) | 388 (52.3) | 572 (35.3) | 61.02 | <0.0001 |
| Mood stabilizer user | 340 (14.4) | 188 (25.3) | 152 (9.4) | 105.25 | <0.0001 |
| Hypnotic user | 207 (8.8) | 76 (10.2) | 131 (8.1) | 2.97 | 0.0846 |
| Anxiolytic user | 847 (35.8) | 352 (47.4) | 495 (30.5) | 63.24 | <0.0001 |
| Central nervous system | |||||
| Stimulant user | 33 (1.4) | 15 (2.0) | 18 (1.1) | 3.07 | 0.0798 |
| Year (group) | |||||
| 1999 | 678 (28.7) | 179 (24.1) | 499 (30.8) | ||
| 2000 | 543 (23.0) | 162 (21.8) | 381 (23.5) | ||
| 2001 | 496 (21.0) | 169 (22.8) | 327 (20.2) | ||
| 2002 | 646 (27.3) | 232 (31.3) | 414 (25.5) | 16.24a | 0.0010 |
a
Degrees of freedom is equal to 3 for variables with two or more categories. Degrees of freedom for all other variables is equal to 1.
b
Body mass index (kg/m2).