. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 16.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 May;17(5):417–427. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819b8936

TABLE 3.

Cox Proportional Hazards Models^a for Associations Between Antipsychotic Use and Hospital Events and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2002, Stratified by Antipsychotic Type, Nursing Home Residence, Dementia Status, and Age

	Hospital Events						Mortality
	Unadjusted			Adjusted^b			Unadjusted			Adjusted^b
	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value
I. By antipsychotic type
Only atypical antipsychotics (n = 456)	0.93	0.77–1.13	0.4762	0.86	0.71–1.06	0.1544	0.66	0.53–0.81	0.0001	0.77	0.62–0.96	0.0227
Only conventional antipsychotics (n = 194)	0.90	0.68–1.18	0.4399	0.97	0.73–1.29	0.8396	0.84	0.63–1.11	0.2217	0.89	0.67–1.19	0.4245
II. By nursing home residence
Any antipsychotics, nursing home residents (n = 1610)	1.04	0.87–1.24	0.6869	0.96	0.79–1.17	0.6596	0.66	0.55–0.81	<.0001	0.78	0.63–0.96	0.0192
Any antipsychotics, nonnursing home LTC residents (n = 753)	1.02	0.74–1.40	0.9229	1.06	0.71–1.57	0.7862	0.70	0.48–1.02	0.0654	0.98	0.63–1.52	0.9137
III. By dementia status
Any antipsychotics, those with dementia diagnosis (n = 995)	1.19	0.86–1.38	0.4634	0.91	0.70–1.17	0.4488	0.72	0.57–0.90	0.0036	0.77	0.60–0.98	0.0345
Any antipsychotics, those without dementia diagnosis (n = 1368)	1.00	0.81–1.23	0.9763	1.01	0.79–1.32	0.9203	0.54	0.41–0.72	<0.0001	0.93	0.69–1.26	0.6287
IV. By age
Any antipsychotics, those aged <65 years (n = 409)	1.33	0.80–2.02	0.1795	1.02	0.57–1.81	0.9604	0.76	0.29–1.96	0.5693	1.61	0.54–4.85	0.3963
Any antipsychotics, those aged >65 years (n = 1954)	1.04	0.88–1.24	0.6293	0.99	0.82–1.19	0.9073	0.76	0.64–0.91	0.0024	0.78	0.65–0.94	0.0091

For this study, we used a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard) model. Associated p values are based upon a df of 1 for each parameter in the model.

Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education, poverty status, urban residence, BMI, physical function, self-reported health, supplemental insurance status, prescription drug insurance, year, number of reported physical conditions, physical restraint use, psychiatric diagnoses, delusion, delirium, number of psychiatric drug classes, and duplicative antipsychotic use.