Sequence comparison between a productive hagfish 3rdVLR and representatives of other types of VLRs. Deduced amino acid sequences of VLRs from Pacific hagfish (Es, Eptatretus stoutii), inshore hagfish (Eb, Eptatretus burgeri), sea lamprey (Pm, Petromyzon marinus), Arctic lampery (Lc, Lethenteron camtschaticum), and European brook lamprey (Lp, Lampetra planeri) are shown in the alignment. Conserved cysteines are highlighted in light green and other conserved residues in yellow, whereas “−” indicates a gap and “#” represents the highly variable inserts in LRRCT. The fifth LRRV module of LpVLRC is not shown to simplify the alignment for illustrative purposes. GenBank accession numbers of representative VLR sequences: Es3rdVLR, KF314050; PmVLRA, ABO27114; LcVLRA, BAJ14924; Eb“VLRA”, ABB59067; Es“VLRA”, ABB59097; PmVLRC, KC244079; LcVLRC, BAJ14926; LpVLRC, AGD98752; PmVLRB, AAT70348; LcVLRB, BAJ14925; EsVLRB, ABB59059; and EbVLRB, BAI66964.