Table 3.
Metabolite concentrations determined using the Biocrates AbsolutelDQ™ kit. Full biochemical names are provided in Supplementary Table 4.
| Metabolite class | N | Metabolite name or abbreviation | Biological relevance (selected examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids | 14 | Arginine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, (Iso)Leucine |
Amino acid metabolism, urea-cycle, activity of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, insulin sensitivity, neurotransmitter metabolism, oxidative stress |
| Sum of hexoses | 1 | H1 | Carbohydrate metabolism |
| Carnitine | 1 | C0 | |
| Acylcarnitines | 26 | C2, C3, C3:1, C4, C4:1, C5, C5:1, C6 (or C4:1-DC), C6:1, C8, C8:1, C9, C10, C10:1, C10:2, C12, C12:1, C14, C14:1, C14:2, C16, C16:1, C16:2, C18, C18:1, C18:2 |
Energy metabolism, fatty acid transport and , mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, ketosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane damage |
| Hydroxy- and dicarboxy- acylcarnitines |
14 | C3-OH, C4-OH (or C3-DC), C5-DC (or C6-OH), C5-OH (or C3-DC-M), C5:1-DC, C5-M-DC, C7-DC, C12-DC, C14:1-OH, C14:2-OH, C16:1-OH, C16:2-OH, C16-OH, C18:1-OH , |
|
| Sphingomyelins | 10 | SM C16:0, SM C16:1, SM C18:0, SM C18:1, SM C20:2, SM C22:3, SM C24:0, SM C24:1, SM C26:0, SM C26:1 |
Signaling cascades, membrane damage (e.g. neurodegeneration) |
| Hydroxysphingomyelins | 5 | SM (OH) C14:1, SM (OH) C16:1, SM (OH) C22:1, SM (OH) C22:2, SM (OH) C24:1 |
|
| Diacyl-phosphatidyl- cholines |
38 | PC aa C24:0/C26:0/C28:1/C30:0/C30:2/C32:0/C32:1/C32:2/C32:3/ C34:1/C34:2/C34:3/C34:4/C36:0/C36:1/C36:2/C36:3/C36:4/C36:5/ C36:6/C38:0/C38:1/C38:3/C38:4/C38:5/C38:6/C40:1/C40:2/C40:3/ C40:4/C40:5/C40:6/C42:0/C42:1/C42:2/C42:4/C42:5/C42:6 |
Dyslipidemia, membrane composition and damage, fatty acid profile, activity of desaturases |
| Acyl-alkyl-phosphatidyl- cholines |
39 | PC ae C30:0/C30:1/C30:2/C32:1/C32:2/C34:0/C34:1/C34:2/C34:3/C36:0/ C36:1/C36:2/C36:3/C36:4/C36:5/C38:0/C38:1/C38:2/C38:3/C38:4/ C38:5/C38:6/C40:0/C40:1/C40:2/C40:3/C40:4/C40:5/C40:6/C42:0/ C42:1/C42:2/C42:3/C42:4/C42:5/C44:3/C44:4/C44:5/C44:6 |
|
| Lyso-phosphatidyl- cholines |
15 | lysoPC a C6:0/C14:0/C16:0/C16:1/C17:0/C18:0/C18:1/C18:2/C20:3/ C20:4/C24:0/C26:0/C26:1/C28:0/C28:1 |
Degradation of phospholipids, membrane damage, signaling cascades, fatty acid profile |
|
| |||
| total | 163 | ||