Table 1.
Evidence regarding in vivo applications of nanotechnology in neurodegenerative disease
Approach | Drug | Model | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alzheimer disease | ||||
Fullerenes | Not applicable | Rats with intraventricular injection of amyloid-β | Inhibited amyloid-β fibrillization and improved cognition | Podolski et al. (2007)26 |
Carbon nanotubes | Acetylcholine | Kainic acid-induced Alzheimer disease mouse model | Restored learning and memory function | Yang et al. (2010)28 |
PLGA or PBCA nanoparticles | Cholinesterase inhibitor (rivastigmine) | Scopolamine-treated mice | Improved Morris water maze performance | Joshi et al. (2010)32 |
Parkinson disease | ||||
PEGylated immunoliposomes (targeting transferrin) | Tyrosine hydroxylase gene delivery | 6-OHDA-lesioned rats | Restored thyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity and motor function | Zhang et al. (2003)39 |
DNA nanoparticles | GDNF gene delivery | 6-OHDA-lesioned rats | Enhanced survival of engrafted tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons with behavioural improvement | Yurek et al. (2009)40 |
Fullerenes | Not applicable | Iron-infusion Parkinson disease rat model | Prevented striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuronal degeneration | Lin et al. (1999)42 |
Abbreviations: 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine; GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; PBCA, Poly-n-butylcyanoacrylate; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLGA, poly(lactic-coglycolic-acid).